Characterization of Scintillation Events With Basis on L1 Transmissions From Geostationary SBAS Satellites

Signals recorded by two stations in the Brazilian region: [Fortaleza (3.74°S, 38.57°W) and Inconfidentes (22.31°S, 46.32°W)], receiving L1 transmissions from different geostationary satellites, were used to evaluate the amplitude scintillation index S₄ and several characteristics of scintillation events (continuous record with S₄ > 0.2) during nighttime hours (18:00 LT–02:00 LT) in the years 2014–2016. The effects from solar activity, season, and local time on the number of scintillation events per night, maximum scintillation, scintillation event duration, and spacing between consecutive events will be discussed. The results indicate that: (a) scintillation occurs from September to March in both links; (b) the most likely numbers of observed scintillation events per night were two or three, particularly during the first 2 years; (c) on average, the first scintillation event usually had larger maximum S₄ values when compared to those of the later ones along the night; (d) the first scintillation event had a longer mean duration than the succeeding ones in a given night; (e) the durations of scintillation events, regardless of their numbers per night and the location, decreased with local time; (f) the opposite dependence of spacings between consecutive events on local time was observed; (g) the cumulative distribution functions of the scintillation onset time indicated a strong dependence on the dip latitude of the station; and (h) early occurrences of onset times are directly related to the increased probability of the occurrence of multiple scintillation events.