重温《组织学术语》的拉丁语词汇:I. 名词。

IF 2.3 4区 医学 Q1 ANATOMY & MORPHOLOGY
Clinical Anatomy Pub Date : 2024-01-22 DOI:10.1002/ca.24137
Paul E. Neumann, Mélanie Houle, Stephen Russell, Lewis Stiles, Nicolás E. Ottone, Mariano del Sol
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引用次数: 0

摘要

人类组织学和细胞学的国际标准命名法--《组织学术语》(Terminologia Histologica,TH)中近 20% 的拉丁名词(193/993)存在语言问题,尤其是在正字法、性别和去声方面。一些解剖学家反对恢复拉丁命名法质量的努力,认为这是迂腐的做法,他们更愿意创造或修改拉丁词,使其与英语和其他现代语言中的词相似。拉丁文微型解剖命名法很容易受到不合时宜的批评,因此对使用正宗拉丁文的要求可能比解剖命名法更高,包括尽可能从希腊文和拉丁文中而不是从现代语言中引申出新词。在此发现的最常见问题似乎是在英语词汇中加入-us 和-um 二级词尾而衍生出拉丁名词。在 TH 中,许多拉丁名词(128 个)都包含这样处理的六个词素中的一个,尽管原始希腊语单词要么是第一顺位的阳性名词,要么是第三顺位的中性名词。具有讽刺意味的是,直接从希腊语词素派生拉丁语名词的结果往往是,对于讲罗曼语和日耳曼语的人来说,这些词比通过现代语言间接派生的词更熟悉(例如,astrocyte、collagene、dendrita、lipochroma、osteoclasta 和 telomere,而不是 astrocytus、collagenum、dendritum、lipochromum、osteoclastus 和 telomerus)。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Revisiting the Latin vocabulary of Terminologia Histologica: I. Nouns

Almost 20% of the Latin nouns (193/993) in Terminologia Histologica (TH), the international standard nomenclature for human histology and cytology, display linguistic problems, particularly in the areas of orthography, gender, and declension. Some anatomists have opposed efforts to restore the quality of the Latin nomenclature as pedantry, preferring to create or modify Latin words so that they resemble words in English and other modern languages. A Latin microanatomical nomenclature is vulnerable to the criticism of anachronism, so the requirement for the use of authentic Latin, including derivation of new words from Greek and Latin words rather than from modern languages, if possible, may be even greater than it is for the anatomical nomenclature. The most common problem identified here appears to have been caused by derivation of Latin nouns by addition of -us and -um second declension endings to English words. Many Latin nouns (128) in TH contain one of six morphemes that have been treated this way even though the original Greek words are either first declension masculine or third declension neuter nouns. Ironically, deriving Latin nouns directly from Greek morphemes often results in words that look more familiar to speakers of Romance and Germanic languages than those derived indirectly through modern languages (e.g., astrocyte, collagene, dendrita, lipochroma, osteoclasta and telomere instead of astrocytus, collagenum, dendritum, lipochromum, osteoclastus, and telomerus).

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来源期刊
Clinical Anatomy
Clinical Anatomy 医学-解剖学与形态学
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
12.50%
发文量
154
审稿时长
3 months
期刊介绍: Clinical Anatomy is the Official Journal of the American Association of Clinical Anatomists and the British Association of Clinical Anatomists. The goal of Clinical Anatomy is to provide a medium for the exchange of current information between anatomists and clinicians. This journal embraces anatomy in all its aspects as applied to medical practice. Furthermore, the journal assists physicians and other health care providers in keeping abreast of new methodologies for patient management and informs educators of new developments in clinical anatomy and teaching techniques. Clinical Anatomy publishes original and review articles of scientific, clinical, and educational interest. Papers covering the application of anatomic principles to the solution of clinical problems and/or the application of clinical observations to expand anatomic knowledge are welcomed.
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