从 iPSC 衍生的脑有机体的专利性--跨学科的法律评估

IF 2.6 4区 哲学 Q1 ETHICS
Hannes Wolff
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在目前的开发阶段,脑器官模型是可以申请专利的。未来的脑器质性组织可能会在这方面面临一些挑战,我将在本文中讨论这些挑战。脑器质性组织毫无问题地满足了欧盟第 98/44/EC 号指令第 3 (1) 条规定的可授予专利的一般先决条件(发明)。3 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC(发明、新颖性、创造性和工业应用的可能性)。如果一项发明利用了人体胚胎或构成了人体形成和发展的各个阶段,则不具备专利性。这两种情况都不适用于脑器官,除非使用 ES 细胞。第 6 (1) 条欧盟指令 98/44/EC 第 6(1)条规定,"商业利用将违反公共秩序或道德 "的发明不得申请专利。虽然目前的大脑器 官的商业应用不存在违反公共秩序的情况,但未来的大脑器 官却不一定如此。考虑到不能排除未来的脑器官会发展出类似于意识的能力,而且理论上认为这种能力会造成生理和心理上的痛苦,而这两者都是公共秩序的组成部分,因此未来脑器官的某些应用可能会构成对公共秩序的违反,从而导致专利性的排除。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Patentability of Brain Organoids derived from iPSC– A Legal Evaluation with Interdisciplinary Aspects

Brain Organoids in their current state of development are patentable. Future brain organoids may face some challenges in this regard, which I address in this contribution. Brain organoids unproblematically fulfil the general prerequisites of patentability set forth in Art. 3 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC (invention, novelty, inventive step and susceptibility of industrial application). Patentability is excluded if an invention makes use of human embryos or constitutes a stage of the human body in the individual phases of its formation and development. Both do not apply to brain organoids, unless ES-cells are used. Art. 6 (1) EU-Directive 98/44/EC excludes patentability for inventions “the commercial exploitation of which would be contrary to ordre public or morality”. While there is no conceivable scenario, in which the commercial application of current brain organoids violates the ordre public, the same is not necessarily true for future brain organoids. Keeping in mind that a development of consciousness-like abilities in future brain organoids cannot be excluded and that an ability for both physical and psychological suffering has been theorized, both of which are aspects of the ordre public, certain applications of future brain organoids may constitute a violation of the ordre public and therefore lead to an exclusion of patentability.

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来源期刊
Neuroethics
Neuroethics MEDICAL ETHICS-
CiteScore
5.50
自引率
7.10%
发文量
31
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Neuroethics is an international, peer-reviewed journal dedicated to academic articles on the ethical, legal, political, social and philosophical questions provoked by research in the contemporary sciences of the mind and brain; especially, but not only, neuroscience, psychiatry and psychology. The journal publishes articles on questions raised by the sciences of the brain and mind, and on the ways in which the sciences of the brain and mind illuminate longstanding debates in ethics and philosophy.
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