哺乳动物认知图谱的马赛克结构。

IF 1.9 4区 心理学 Q3 BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES
Learning & Behavior Pub Date : 2024-03-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-17 DOI:10.3758/s13420-023-00618-9
Kate J Jeffery
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引用次数: 0

摘要

认知地图是托尔曼在 20 世纪 40 年代提出的,它是大脑构建的一种假设的内部空间表征,使动物能够做出灵活的空间行为,如导航。随后在大鼠海马中发现的位置细胞表明,这种类似地图的表征确实存在,同时也为探索其特性提供了一种工具。对啮齿动物进行的单神经元研究表明,地图建立在一个度量框架之上,以一种抽象的表征形式保留了距离和方向。一个悬而未决的问题是,这种度量结构是否适用于扩展的、通常结构复杂的现实世界空间。本文回顾的数据表明情况并非如此。新出现的情况是,地图并不是一个单一的、统一的结构,而是由各种片段组成的马赛克,这些片段是异质的、不同度量的、多重比例的,有时还相互叠加。碎片内部和碎片之间的重要组织因素包括边界、背景、罗盘方向和重力。地图的功能并不是提供全面而精确的环境渲染,而是支持适应性行为,根据物种和情况量身定制。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

The mosaic structure of the mammalian cognitive map.

The mosaic structure of the mammalian cognitive map.

The cognitive map, proposed by Tolman in the 1940s, is a hypothetical internal representation of space constructed by the brain to enable an animal to undertake flexible spatial behaviors such as navigation. The subsequent discovery of place cells in the hippocampus of rats suggested that such a map-like representation does exist, and also provided a tool with which to explore its properties. Single-neuron studies in rodents conducted in small singular spaces have suggested that the map is founded on a metric framework, preserving distances and directions in an abstract representational format. An open question is whether this metric structure pertains over extended, often complexly structured real-world space. The data reviewed here suggest that this is not the case. The emerging picture is that instead of being a single, unified construct, the map is a mosaic of fragments that are heterogeneous, variably metric, multiply scaled, and sometimes laid on top of each other. Important organizing factors within and between fragments include boundaries, context, compass direction, and gravity. The map functions not to provide a comprehensive and precise rendering of the environment but rather to support adaptive behavior, tailored to the species and situation.

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来源期刊
Learning & Behavior
Learning & Behavior 医学-动物学
CiteScore
2.90
自引率
5.60%
发文量
50
审稿时长
>12 weeks
期刊介绍: Learning & Behavior publishes experimental and theoretical contributions and critical reviews concerning fundamental processes of learning and behavior in nonhuman and human animals. Topics covered include sensation, perception, conditioning, learning, attention, memory, motivation, emotion, development, social behavior, and comparative investigations.
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