Joseph M. Kungu, Edity Namyalo, Angella Musewa, Sarah Nitumusiima, Phiona Keije, Catherine Nakakooza, Osborn Oyirwoth
{"title":"评估工厂对 COVID-19 标准操作程序的遵守情况:乌干达 Wakiso、Mukono、Buikwe 和 Jinja 地区的案例研究","authors":"Joseph M. Kungu, Edity Namyalo, Angella Musewa, Sarah Nitumusiima, Phiona Keije, Catherine Nakakooza, Osborn Oyirwoth","doi":"10.1155/2024/6670510","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<i>Background</i>. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Uganda confirmed the first case of COVID-19 on 21st March, 2020, which led to the first total lockdown in the country. During the lockdown, some factories remained operational; hence, there is a need for a study aimed at assessing the level of adherence to COVID-19 standard operating procedures (SOPs) in factories as a mitigator for the pandemic. <i>Methods</i>. A cross-sectional study to assess compliance of factories to COVID-19 SOPs was conducted in Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja districts during the month of September, 2021. This involved visitation of factories and collection of data using the KoboCollect tool by interviewing general managers as well as human resource managers of the factories. A total of 39 factories were included in the study and were categorized into four major groups; food and beverages (15), plastics (5), construction (8), and others (11). Data analysis was done using STATA version 14.2. <i>Results</i>. Overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by the factories was 64.1% (95% CI = 49.1–79.1). Communication and training of employees (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2), wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and respiratory protection (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2) as well as enhanced cleaning and disinfection of surfaces (74.4%; 95% CI = 60.6–88.1) were the most implemented SOPs in the factories. Implementation of the SOPs was the highest in Mukono district (88.9%; 95% CI = 68.4–100) and the least in Wakiso district (40.0%; 95% CI = 9.6–70.4). The COVID-19 SOPs were followed mostly in construction material factories (87.5%; 95% CI = 64.6–100) and least in food and beverage factories (40%; 95% CI = 15.2–64.8). There was no significant difference in the adherence of COVID-19 SOPs among the districts (<svg height=\"11.6412pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.04979992pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 15.0284 11.6412\" width=\"15.0284pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.945,-5.741)\"></path></g></svg> = 5.02 and <span><svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 8.8423\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 8.8423\" width=\"21.918pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\"></path></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\"></path></g></svg>)</span></span> and factories (<svg height=\"11.6412pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.04979992pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 15.0284 11.6412\" width=\"15.0284pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-89\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.945,-5.741)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g50-51\"></use></g></svg> = 7.04 and <span><svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 8.8423\" width=\"19.289pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-81\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g117-34\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\"8.8423pt\" style=\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\" version=\"1.1\" viewbox=\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 8.8423\" width=\"21.918pt\" xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\"><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-47\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-49\"></use></g><g transform=\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\"><use xlink:href=\"#g113-56\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> Although good overall adherence to SOPs noted was not dependent on location and type of factory, adherence to some SOPs such as exposure control plan, presence of signages on COVID-19, maintenance of social distance, and implementation of a health control plan varied with location of the district. Likewise, exposure control plan, signages on COVID-19, and maintenance of social distance varied significantly with the type of factory. <i>Conclusion</i>. This study revealed moderately good overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by factories, with variations in the level of implementation of individual SOPs being observed.","PeriodicalId":17527,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Assessment of Factories on Adherence to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures: A Case Study of Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja Districts, Uganda\",\"authors\":\"Joseph M. Kungu, Edity Namyalo, Angella Musewa, Sarah Nitumusiima, Phiona Keije, Catherine Nakakooza, Osborn Oyirwoth\",\"doi\":\"10.1155/2024/6670510\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<i>Background</i>. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Uganda confirmed the first case of COVID-19 on 21st March, 2020, which led to the first total lockdown in the country. During the lockdown, some factories remained operational; hence, there is a need for a study aimed at assessing the level of adherence to COVID-19 standard operating procedures (SOPs) in factories as a mitigator for the pandemic. <i>Methods</i>. A cross-sectional study to assess compliance of factories to COVID-19 SOPs was conducted in Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja districts during the month of September, 2021. This involved visitation of factories and collection of data using the KoboCollect tool by interviewing general managers as well as human resource managers of the factories. A total of 39 factories were included in the study and were categorized into four major groups; food and beverages (15), plastics (5), construction (8), and others (11). Data analysis was done using STATA version 14.2. <i>Results</i>. Overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by the factories was 64.1% (95% CI = 49.1–79.1). Communication and training of employees (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2), wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and respiratory protection (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2) as well as enhanced cleaning and disinfection of surfaces (74.4%; 95% CI = 60.6–88.1) were the most implemented SOPs in the factories. Implementation of the SOPs was the highest in Mukono district (88.9%; 95% CI = 68.4–100) and the least in Wakiso district (40.0%; 95% CI = 9.6–70.4). The COVID-19 SOPs were followed mostly in construction material factories (87.5%; 95% CI = 64.6–100) and least in food and beverage factories (40%; 95% CI = 15.2–64.8). There was no significant difference in the adherence of COVID-19 SOPs among the districts (<svg height=\\\"11.6412pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.04979992pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 15.0284 11.6412\\\" width=\\\"15.0284pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.945,-5.741)\\\"></path></g></svg> = 5.02 and <span><svg height=\\\"8.8423pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 8.8423\\\" width=\\\"19.289pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\\\"></path></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"8.8423pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 8.8423\\\" width=\\\"21.918pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\\\"></path></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\\\"></path></g></svg>)</span></span> and factories (<svg height=\\\"11.6412pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.04979992pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -11.5914 15.0284 11.6412\\\" width=\\\"15.0284pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-89\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,9.945,-5.741)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g50-51\\\"></use></g></svg> = 7.04 and <span><svg height=\\\"8.8423pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"-0.0498162 -8.6359 19.289 8.8423\\\" width=\\\"19.289pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-81\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,11.658,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g117-34\\\"></use></g></svg><span></span><span><svg height=\\\"8.8423pt\\\" style=\\\"vertical-align:-0.2064009pt\\\" version=\\\"1.1\\\" viewbox=\\\"22.8711838 -8.6359 21.918 8.8423\\\" width=\\\"21.918pt\\\" xmlns=\\\"http://www.w3.org/2000/svg\\\" xmlns:xlink=\\\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\\\"><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.921,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,29.161,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-47\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,32.125,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-49\\\"></use></g><g transform=\\\"matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,38.365,0)\\\"><use xlink:href=\\\"#g113-56\\\"></use></g></svg>).</span></span> Although good overall adherence to SOPs noted was not dependent on location and type of factory, adherence to some SOPs such as exposure control plan, presence of signages on COVID-19, maintenance of social distance, and implementation of a health control plan varied with location of the district. Likewise, exposure control plan, signages on COVID-19, and maintenance of social distance varied significantly with the type of factory. <i>Conclusion</i>. This study revealed moderately good overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by factories, with variations in the level of implementation of individual SOPs being observed.\",\"PeriodicalId\":17527,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Journal of Tropical Medicine\",\"volume\":\"1 1\",\"pages\":\"\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":2.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-16\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Journal of Tropical Medicine\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6670510\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q3\",\"JCRName\":\"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Journal of Tropical Medicine","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2024/6670510","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q3","JCRName":"PUBLIC, ENVIRONMENTAL & OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH","Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
摘要
背景:冠状病毒病(COVID-19冠状病毒病(COVID-19)是由 SARS-CoV-2 病毒引起的一种传染病。2020 年 3 月 21 日,乌干达确诊了首例 COVID-19 病例,导致该国首次全面封锁。因此,有必要开展一项研究,旨在评估工厂遵守 COVID-19 标准操作程序 (SOP) 的程度,以减轻大流行病的影响。研究方法2021 年 9 月,在瓦基索(Wakiso)、穆科诺(Mukono)、布伊奎(Buikwe)和金贾(Jinja)地区开展了一项横向研究,以评估工厂对 COVID-19 标准操作程序的遵守情况。其中包括走访工厂,并使用 KoboCollect 工具通过采访工厂总经理和人力资源经理来收集数据。研究共涉及 39 家工厂,分为四大类:食品和饮料(15 家)、塑料(5 家)、建筑(8 家)和其他(11 家)。数据分析采用 STATA 14.2 版本。结果工厂对 COVID-19 SOP 的总体遵守率为 64.1%(95% CI = 49.1-79.1)。对员工进行沟通和培训(79.5%;95% CI = 66.8-92.2)、穿戴个人防护设备(PPE)和呼吸保护(79.5%;95% CI = 66.8-92.2)以及加强表面清洁和消毒(74.4%;95% CI = 60.6-88.1)是工厂执行率最高的 SOP。穆科诺区的 SOP 执行率最高(88.9%;95% CI = 68.4-100),瓦基索区最低(40.0%;95% CI = 9.6-70.4)。遵守 COVID-19 标准操作程序的主要是建筑材料厂(87.5%;95% CI = 64.6-100),最少的是食品和饮料厂(40%;95% CI = 15.2-64.8)。各地区(= 5.02 和)和工厂(= 7.04 和)在遵守 COVID-19 SOP 方面没有明显差异。尽管对标准操作程序的总体遵守情况与工厂的位置和类型无关,但对某些标准操作程序的遵守情况,如暴露控制计划、COVID-19标识的存在、社会距离的保持和健康控制计划的实施,却因地区而异。同样,暴露控制计划、COVID-19 标志和保持社会距离也因工厂类型而有显著差异。结论这项研究表明,工厂对 COVID-19 标准操作程序的总体遵守情况一般,但个别标准操作程序的执行水平存在差异。
Assessment of Factories on Adherence to COVID-19 Standard Operating Procedures: A Case Study of Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja Districts, Uganda
Background. Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus. Uganda confirmed the first case of COVID-19 on 21st March, 2020, which led to the first total lockdown in the country. During the lockdown, some factories remained operational; hence, there is a need for a study aimed at assessing the level of adherence to COVID-19 standard operating procedures (SOPs) in factories as a mitigator for the pandemic. Methods. A cross-sectional study to assess compliance of factories to COVID-19 SOPs was conducted in Wakiso, Mukono, Buikwe, and Jinja districts during the month of September, 2021. This involved visitation of factories and collection of data using the KoboCollect tool by interviewing general managers as well as human resource managers of the factories. A total of 39 factories were included in the study and were categorized into four major groups; food and beverages (15), plastics (5), construction (8), and others (11). Data analysis was done using STATA version 14.2. Results. Overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by the factories was 64.1% (95% CI = 49.1–79.1). Communication and training of employees (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2), wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), and respiratory protection (79.5%; 95% CI = 66.8–92.2) as well as enhanced cleaning and disinfection of surfaces (74.4%; 95% CI = 60.6–88.1) were the most implemented SOPs in the factories. Implementation of the SOPs was the highest in Mukono district (88.9%; 95% CI = 68.4–100) and the least in Wakiso district (40.0%; 95% CI = 9.6–70.4). The COVID-19 SOPs were followed mostly in construction material factories (87.5%; 95% CI = 64.6–100) and least in food and beverage factories (40%; 95% CI = 15.2–64.8). There was no significant difference in the adherence of COVID-19 SOPs among the districts ( = 5.02 and ) and factories ( = 7.04 and ). Although good overall adherence to SOPs noted was not dependent on location and type of factory, adherence to some SOPs such as exposure control plan, presence of signages on COVID-19, maintenance of social distance, and implementation of a health control plan varied with location of the district. Likewise, exposure control plan, signages on COVID-19, and maintenance of social distance varied significantly with the type of factory. Conclusion. This study revealed moderately good overall adherence to COVID-19 SOPs by factories, with variations in the level of implementation of individual SOPs being observed.
期刊介绍:
Journal of Tropical Medicine is a peer-reviewed, Open Access journal that publishes original research articles, review articles, and clinical studies on all aspects of tropical diseases. Articles on the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of tropical diseases, parasites and their hosts, epidemiology, and public health issues will be considered. Journal of Tropical Medicine aims to facilitate the communication of advances addressing global health and mortality relating to tropical diseases.