没有授权的扩张:欧盟移民管理中的边境和庇护机构

Governance Pub Date : 2024-01-12 DOI:10.1111/gove.12854
Michalis Moutselos
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引用次数: 0

摘要

近年来,欧洲边境和海岸警卫局(Frontex)和欧洲庇护支持办公室(EASO)的可用资源有所增加,并与欧盟成员国开展了联合行动。它们可被视为边境保护和庇护政策机构化的范例,但本文认为,机构化并没有扩大机构的任务范围。通过对 Frontex 和 EASO 在塞浦路斯和希腊这两个南欧边境国家的行动进行比较研究,我发现这两个机构利用其日益增长的技术、执行、法律和道德资源,使接待中心高效处理庇护申请、协调边境保护和更多/更迅速的遣返合法化。与此同时,由于没有最终决策的授权,在侵犯基本权利和执行欧盟法律方面,淡化了政策问责,削弱了对成员国的监督。这种没有授权的资源扩张使欧盟机构得以解决成员国与欧盟委员会在有争议的政策领域长期存在的紧张关系。这项分析对各机构在多层次移民治理中的作用具有更广泛的影响。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Expansion without mandates: Border and asylum agencies in European Union migration governance
The European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex) and the European Asylum Support Office (EASO) have experienced increases in available resources and have conducted joint operations with European Union (EU) Member States in recent years. They may be regarded as examples of agencification in border protection and asylum policy, but this paper argues that agencification has proceeded without an expansion in agency mandates. Using Frontex and EASO operations in two Southern European border countries, Cyprus and Greece, as comparative case studies, I show that the two agencies have employed their growing technical, performative, legal and moral resources to legitimize efficient processing of asylum applications in reception centers, and coordinated border protection and more/swifter returns. At the same time, the absence of mandates on final decision-making has diluted policy accountability and weakened monitoring vis-à-vis Member States, with respect to fundamental rights violations and the implementation of EU law. This resource expansion without mandates has allowed EU agencies to resolve long-standing tensions among Member States and the European Commission in a contested policy area. The analysis has broader implications for the role of agencies in multilevel migration governance.
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