Simulation of Eddy Current Losses in Twisted Wires

Twisted wires made of insulated strands, known as stranded conductors or litz wires, are used in various areas where the eddy current loss within the wire needs to be reduced. These areas include induction heating, resonance-based wireless energy transfer, and certain radio frequency devices. Some litz wires consist of thousands of individual conductor strands that are twisted together in multiple stages, creating a hierarchical bundle structure. Computer simulations (typically using finite element analysis) are used in the optimal design of the bundle structure. However, detailed three-dimensional models are computationally demanding. In this work, a two-dimensional finite element model was presented for simulating the eddy current loss in cables made of twisted wires. The key element of the model is considering the bundle structure (generally referred to as 3D configuration conditions) within the cross-sectional model domain. The accuracy of the proposed model is tested against 3D finite element simulations. The new method is shown to be accurate, and its computational cost is by orders of magnitude lower than that of 3D models.