Optimization of extraction conditions for cellulose from jackfruit peel using RSM, its characterization and comparative studies to commercial cellulose

A high level of research effort is now being focused on the use of bio-based materials to address the 21st century's developing problems. Thus, the search for new possible source of cellulose has been explored in this scientific work. In jackfruit, the pulp accounts for 30 % and 70–80 % of jackfruit components are non-edible; about 60 % of them are the outer rind, perianth, and central core, which are usually discarded. So, in order to utilize this underutilized fruit, jackfruit peel has been taken into consideration as a source for cellulose (C₆H₁₀O₅) _n extraction. Cellulose extraction was improved using the response surface methodology (RSM) approach by optimizing the extraction parameters viz. concentration of sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite respectively. The results showed that the best conditions for the highest production of 64–65 % of cellulose were 5 % of sodium hydroxide and 2 % of sodium hypochlorite. The presence of α -cellulose and the absence of hemicellulose and lignin were detected using FTIR frequencies. According to the results of the thermogravimetric investigation, the maximum decomposition occurred between 200 ºC and 300 ºC. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis revealed that jackfruit peel cellulose displayed 44 % carbon as compared to 3 % carbon in commercial cellulose, indicating a higher purity. Compared to commercial cellulose, jackfruit peel cellulose shows better water binding capacity and oil holding capacity. The findings imply that jackfruit peel has a considerable amount of cellulose and has the potential to be used in various industries such as food, paper, paints etc.