Policy coherence barriers and drivers: Perspectives from policy-makers and policy-takers in Ireland's bioeconomy

The cross-sectoral nature of the bioeconomy presents challenges for a coherent approach to its role in the transition to a low-carbon economy. To identify particular barriers and drivers of bioeconomy policy coherence, interviews were conducted with a range of stakeholder organisations active in the bioeconomy in Ireland. Analysis revealed a number of key issues constraining cross-sectoral coherence, including: a lack of integration across government, persistence of siloing and bioeconomy policy leadership gaps; a lag between regulation and bioeconomy innovation; policymaker staffing and data resource issues; and a need for improved bioeconomy awarenessraising, education and communications. Three cross-cutting policy intervention points were recommended to address these constraints: increasing policymaker bioeconomy staffing resources, developing an overarching long-term bioeconomy strategy and clarifying bioeconomy governance structures. As several of the issues in the Irish context are also presenting challenges elsewhere, the analysis and recommendations may have a wider relevance for supporting bioeconomy policy coherence.