作为离子交换材料有效去除关键放射性核素的金属卤化物：综述

IF 6.3 3区综合性期刊 Q1 Multidisciplinary

Fundamental Research Pub Date : 2025-09-01 DOI:10.1016/j.fmre.2023.10.022

Junhao Tang , Meiling Feng , Xiaoying Huang

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引用次数: 0

摘要

核能快速发展所产生的大量放射性废物急需处理。金属硫系离子交换剂（MCIEs）是近年来发展起来的一种新型离子交换剂，在放射性核素去除领域显示出巨大的潜力。本文对MCIEs去除关键放射性离子（如放射性Cs+、Sr2+、UO22+、镧系离子、锕系离子）的最新研究进展进行了综述。重点综述了MCIEs的结构和离子交换性能。讨论了MCIEs的离子交换机理，初步揭示了结构-功能关系。层间/通道中易于交换的阳离子，适当大小的层间/通道/窗口空间，灵活的开放框架，以及框架中Lewis软碱S2−/Se2−位点对软或相对软金属离子的强亲和力，是MCIEs对放射性离子具有优异选择性和快速吸附动力学的关键。最后，展望了金属硫族化物去除放射性离子的未来研究方向。希望本文的研究成果能为设计具有实际应用前景的新型金属硫系离子交换剂提供参考，并为环境放射性污染控制指明新的方向。

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Metal chalcogenides as ion-exchange materials for the efficient removal of key radionuclides: A review

The large amount of radioactive waste generated by the rapid development of nuclear energy is in urgent need of disposal. Metal chalcogenide ion-exchangers (MCIEs) are newly developed in recent years that show great potential in the field of removing radionuclides. This is a comprehensive review of the latest research progress on the removal of key radioactive ions (e.g., radioactive Cs⁺, Sr²⁺, UO₂²⁺, lanthanide ions, and actinide ions) by MCIEs. The structure and ion-exchange properties of MCIEs are summarized emphatically. The ion-exchange mechanism of MCIEs is discussed and the structure-function relationship is preliminarily revealed. Easily exchangeable cations in the interlayer/channel, appropriately sized interlayer/channel/window spaces, flexible open framework, and the strong affinity of the Lewis soft base S²⁻/Se²⁻ sites in the framework for soft or relatively soft metal ions, are the keys to the excellent selectivity and fast adsorption kinetics of MCIEs for radioactive ions. Finally, future research directions of metal chalcogenides for radioactive ions removal are foreseen. It is hoped that the review will provide a reference for the design of new metal chalcogenide ion-exchangers with practical application prospects for radioactive waste treatment and point to new directions for environmental radioactive contamination control.

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