越南胡志明市环境 PM2.5 的来源分配

IF 1.1 Q4 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES

Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI:10.1007/s44273-023-00024-7

Ngoc Tran, Yusuke Fujii, Md Firoz Khan, To Thi Hien, Tran Hoang Minh, Hiroshi Okochi, Norimichi Takenaka

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引用次数: 0

摘要

越南胡志明市（HCMC）的细颗粒物（PM2.5）排放源尚未完全确定，这给当局有效控制空气污染带来了困难。为解决这一问题，本研究基于胡志明市 PM2.5 的实地观测数据，通过正矩阵因式分解（PMF）模型探索 PM2.5 的来源分配，并通过加权浓度加权轨迹（WCWT）模型确定潜在的区域来源。在胡志明市中心采集了为期一年（2019 年 9 月至 2020 年 8 月）的 24 小时 PM2.5 样本。除了识别PM2.5质量和其他化学物种（如水溶性离子和碳质物种）外，我们还利用电感耦合等离子体质谱分析了痕量元素。PMF结果显示，胡志明市的PM2.5主要来自生物质燃烧、燃煤、运输和地壳来源等人为富集源（占PM2.5质量的36.4%），其次是二次硫酸铵（18.4%）、海盐（13.7%）、道路扬尘（9.6%）以及煤炭和原油燃烧（9.4%）。WCWT结果表明，PM2.5的地质来源主要来自本地，分散在胡志明市的东北/西南地区。此外，在 2020 年装配限制和封锁期间，PM2.5 从周边国家的长程飘移也被揭示出来。

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Source apportionment of ambient PM2.5 in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

The emission sources of fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) have not yet been fully identified in Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), Vietnam, presenting difficulties to authorities in controlling air pollution efficiently. To address this issue, this study explores the source apportionment of PM_2.5 by the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model and identifies potential regional sources through the weighted concentration-weighted trajectory (WCWT) model based on the field observation data of PM_2.5 in HCMC. 24-h PM_2.5 samples were collected in central HCMC for a year (September 2019–August 2020). Herein, inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy was used to analyze trace elements, in addition to identifying PM_2.5 mass and other chemical species, such as water-soluble ions and carbonaceous species, reported in our former study. The PMF results showed that PM_2.5 in HCMC was dominated by anthropogenic-rich sources comprising biomass burning, coal combustion, transportation, and crustal origins (36.4% of PM_2.5 mass), followed by secondary ammonium sulfate (18.4%), sea salt (13.7%), road dust (9.6%), and coal and crude oil combustion (9.4%). WCWT results suggested that the geological sources of PM_2.5 were mainly from local areas and scattered to the northeast/southwest of HCMC. In addition, the long-range transport of PM_2.5 from surrounding countries was revealed during the assembly restriction and lockdown period in 2020.