印度西喜马拉雅地区种植的杏仁胚芽的脂肪酸谱分析

IF 0.6 Q4 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES

Journal of environmental biology Pub Date : 2024-01-02 DOI:10.22438/jeb/45/1/mrn-5168

K. Kumawat, M.K. Verma, D. Kumar, D.B. Singh, S. Lal, J.I. Mir, O.C. Sharma, W.H. Raja, L. Chand

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引用次数: 0

摘要

目的：对杏仁遗传资源进行营养分析，以便在育种计划中加以利用和进一步使用。研究方法：从斯利那加的 ICAR-CITH 实验农场采集 32 种杏仁基因型的坚果。使用索氏脂肪仪和 100 毫升石油醚作为溶剂，从 5 克磨碎的果仁中提取杏仁油。用配备 CP-Wax 52 CB 色谱柱（瓦里安公司）（50 x 0.25 mm，0.2 μm）的 GC 30（Perkin Elmer Autosystem XL）分析杏仁油中的脂肪酸含量。检测结果这些基因型的总油含量介于 41.82% （CITH-A-21）和 51.86% （Waris）之间。主要脂肪酸为油酸（53.70-80.81%）、亚油酸（11.63-36.88%）和棕榈酸（5.19-8.13%）。硬脂酸（1.01-2.53%）的估计比例较低，而α-亚麻酸的含量微乎其微（0.05-0.18%）。油酸与亚油酸的比例从 1.46（CITH-A-21）到 6.95（CITH-A-06）不等，相反，CITH-A-21 和 CITH-A-06 的碘值分别最高（115.42）和最低（93.96）。CITH-A-17 中的饱和脂肪酸含量最低（6.32%），不饱和脂肪酸含量最高（93.69%），而 Nonpareil 中的结果却截然不同。CITH-A-6 中的单不饱和脂肪酸含量最高（80.81%），多不饱和脂肪酸含量最低（11.71%）。油酸含量与亚油酸（r =-1.00）、棕榈酸（r = -0.67）和硬脂酸（r = -0.68）呈负相关。主成分分析表明，在脂肪酸中，油酸、亚油酸和油酸/亚油酸比率在很大程度上导致了 PC 1 上的分离。在不同的杏仁基因型中，CITH-A-17 和 CITH-A-06 在脂肪酸组成方面具有良好的前景。解释：本研究确定了油酸/亚油酸比率较高的基因型，这对作物改良计划和这些基因型的商业化非常重要。此外，本研究还证实，克什米尔地区适合种植杏仁，其脂肪酸组成与世界主要杏仁种植国的商业杏仁栽培品种相当。关键词杏仁育种计划脂肪酸组成种质含油量

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Fatty acid profiling of almond germpalsm grown in the Western Himalayan region of India

Aim: Nutritional profiling of almond genetic resources for their utilization and further use in the breeding programme. Methodology: The nuts of 32 almond genotypes were collected from the experimental farm of ICAR-CITH, Srinagar. Using a Soxhlet fat apparatus and 100ml of petroleum ether as a solvent, almond oil was extracted from 5 g of ground kernel. The fatty acid content of almond oil was analyzed by GC 30 (Perkin Elmer Autosystem XL) equipped with a CP-Wax 52 CB column (Varian Inc.) (50 x 0.25 mm, 0.2 μm). Results: The total oil content in these genotypes ranged between 41.82% (CITH-A-21) and 51.86% (Waris). The major fatty acids found were oleic acid (53.70-80.81%), linoleic acid (11.63-36.88%), and palmitic acid (5.19-8.13%). Stearic acid (1.01-2.53%) was estimated at a lower proportion, while α-linolenic acid was found in trace amounts (0.05-0.18%). The oleic: linoleic acid ratio varied from 1.46 (CITH-A-21) to 6.95 (CITH-A-06), conversely the highest (115.42) and lowest (93.96) iodine values were recorded in CITH-A-21 and CITH-A-06, respectively. The lowest content of saturated fatty acids (6.32%) and the highest content of unsaturated fatty acids (93.69%) were found in CITH-A-17 whereas contrasting results were observed in Nonpareil. The highest monounsaturated fatty acids (80.81%) and lowest polyunsaturated fatty acids (11.71%) were found in CITH-A-6. Oleic acid content was negatively correlated with linoleic acid (r = -1.00), palmitic acid (r = -0.67) and stearic acid (r = -0.68). Principal component analysis indicated that among the fatty acids, the oleic acid, linoleic acid, and Oleic/Linoleic ratio were largely responsible for the separation on the PC 1. Among the different almond genotypes, CITH-A-17 and CITH-A-06 were found to be promising in terms of fatty acid composition. Interpretation: The present study identified the genotypes with a high Oleic/Linoleic acid ratio, which is important for crop improvement programme and commercialization of these genotypes. Further, the present study also confirms that the Kashmir region is suitable for growing almonds with fatty acids composition at par with commercial almond cultivars grown in major almond-growing countries in the world. Key words: Almond, Breeding programme, Fatty acid profile, Germplasm, Oil content

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