Gall bladder heterotopia: Uncommon two cases and review of variations

Background and Objectives: Heterotopia in the gallbladder is a rare condition where normal tissue occurs in an abnormal location. This case report aimed to describe two cases of heterotopia in the gallbladder, one with gastric mucosa and the other with pancreatic tissue. The objective is to provide a better understanding of the clinical presentation, histological findings, and associated anomalies of heterotopia in the gallbladder. Materials and Methods: The cases were identified through patient records and macroscopic examination. Clinical data, radiological findings, and histopathological analysis were collected and analyzed. Results: Case 1 presented with intermittent abdominal pain and was diagnosed with cholelithiasis. Gross examination revealed a gallbladder with ulcerated mucosa and a cystic area. Histological examination confirmed the presence of gastric heterotopia. Case 2 underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy for a firm lesion in the neck of the gallbladder. Histopathological analysis showed chronic cholecystitis and heterotopic pancreatic tissue. Conclusion: Heterotopia in the gallbladder is a rare condition associated with various types of heterotopic tissues. Gastric heterotopia is the most common type, followed by pancreatic, hepatic, thyroid, and adrenal heterotopias. The exact cause of heterotopia in the gallbladder is unknown, but it is believed to be a congenital disorder. Treatment options vary, and further studies are needed to understand the incidence and development of heterotopia in the gallbladder.