Correlation of serum prostate-specific antigen with gleason's score/grade group in prostate cancers and their histopathological findings: A 4-year retrospective study at a tertiary care center

Background: Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has been widely used as a screening method in different prostatic pathology including prostate cancer. The malignant potential of prostate cancer is associated with tumor volume at diagnosis and studies of the correlation between serum PSA levels and Gleason's grading which remains one of the most powerful predictors of prostate cancer. Aim: To correlate serum PSA and Gleason's score/Group grade in various neoplastic prostatic biopsies and to study their histopathological findings at a tertiary care center. Materials and Methods: This study uses PSA as a screening tool and to correlate serum PSA level to Gleason scores/group grades in various neoplastic and nonneoplastic prostatic biopsies, received at the Department of Pathology, T. S. Misra Medical College and Hospital, Lucknow during 4 years from June 2016 to July 2020. Results: The mean serum PSA value in benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) without prostatitis cases was 1.80 ng/ml and BPH with prostatitis was 5.86 and in malignant cases was 55.2 ng/ml. Serum PSA in the range of 0–4 ng/ml was significantly associated with benign lesions and a value of more than 20 ng/ml was significantly associated with malignant lesions. The most frequent Gleason score was 7 and Grade group II was the highest in number. The highest incidence of malignancies and prostatic hyperplasia occurred among the 60–69 years of age group. PSA values increased significantly (P < 0.05) in prostatic carcinoma cases (Group grade II and III). Conclusion: PSA is a valid, sensitive, and early screening method for the diagnosis of both neoplastic and nonneoplastic lesions of the prostate. PSA values correlated significantly with Gleason's score/grade groups of prostatic carcinoma.