国家安全与公共安全:比较视角下的法律监管模式

Yuliya Danylevska, T. Makarenko, V. Myroshnychenko, Tetiana Lysenko, Iryna Petiahina, D. Kamensky
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摘要

本文论述了包括乌克兰在内的不同司法管辖区的一些紧迫的国家安全和公共安全问题。文件强调了两个主要概念之间的关联。这表明,在现代世界中,与国家安全相关的风险以及与公共安全相关的风险都是巨大的。说明了界定国家两个主要组成部分的方法,并指出了主要要素。需要强调的是,如今安全是任何个人和公民的重要价值(权利)之一,国家宪法一般都会对此做出规定。讨论了乌克兰公共安全和民防战略草案(2021 年)中与国家安全和公共安全有关的条款。最后,概述了对社会和公民个人安全的主要威胁,并阐述了克服这些威胁的手段。结论认为,为中央行政机构制定安全与国防部门前景模型既是机遇也是挑战。此外,很难对 "公共安全 "的概念给出一个明确和全面的法律定义。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
National Security and Public Safety: Models of Legal Regulation in Comparative Perspective
The paper addresses some pressing national security and public safety issues in various jurisdictions, including Ukraine. The correlation between two main concepts is emphasized. It is shown that in the modern world risks related to national security and, therefore, also to public security are significant. The approaches to defining the two main components of the state are illustrated and the main elements are pointed out. It is emphasized that today security is one of the key values (rights) for any person and citizen and is generally prescribed in national Constitutions. The provisions of the draft Public Security and Civil Defense Strategy of Ukraine (2021), related to national security and public safety, have been discussed. Finally, the main threats to the security of the community and individual citizens have been outlined and the means to overcome them have been elaborated. In the conclusions, it has been established that the formulation of a security and defense sector perspective model for central executive authorities presents a number of opportunities as well as challenges. Moreover, it is difficult to give a clear and all-encompassing legal definition of the concept of "public security".
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