ROLE OF EPIGENETIC FACTORS IN THE DEVELOPMENT AND DIAGNOSIS OF CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Abstract. Introduction. Understanding the role of epigenetic regulation and studying how it affects the pathogenesis of many polygenic diseases have become a breakthrough in modern medicine over the past decade. Today, it is obvious that epigenetic mechanisms, despite their inheritable nature, can become modified under the influence of lifestyle and environment. Epigenetics is the science of inherited body properties that are not related to any changes in the actual nucleotide DNA sequence and can be encoded in the genome rather indirectly than directly. Gaining the knowledge on these mechanisms opened up new opportunities for understanding the origin of some cardiovascular diseases. Promoting this trend has serious consequences for the development and progression of diseases, as well as creates possible new strategies for preventing cardiovascular diseases. Due to this, some fundamental epigenetic regulation mechanisms in the development of coronary heart disease were identified in recent years, which disease is one of the leading causes of mortality in today’s context. Aim. To study the role of the epigenetic mechanisms of early vascular inflammation in the development of coronary heart disease and the prognostic value of epigenetic biomarkers in diagnosing this disease. Material and Methods. We analyzed the findings of studies conducted in 2001-2022 regarding epigenetic mechanisms and their role in the pathogenesis and diagnosis of coronary heart disease, using new epigenetic markers. Sources. PubMed, ResearchGate, eLibrary, Cyberleninka. Results and Discussion. Among all epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation, histone modification, and transcription of non-coding RNA sequences, particularly micro-RNA, are currently considered to be most extensively studied and most significant. Conclusion Understanding the basic regulation mechanisms of epigenetic modifications in the development of coronary heart disease will increase knowledge about the etiopathogenesis of this disease and facilitate the transition to personalized medicine.