Surgical access in treatment of kidney cancer complicated by tumor thrombosis of the inferior vena cava and right atrium

This article discusses the  choice of surgical access in renal cancer complicated by tumor thrombus with invasion into the inferior vena cava and the right atrium. This clinical scenario poses a major challenge to the surgeons, as tumor thrombus can obstruct access to the surgical area and increase the risk of complications. This article discusses various surgical access techniques that  can be used in treatment  of kidney cancer complicated by tumor thrombus of the inferior vena cava and right atrium, including open surgery, robotic surgery, and minimally invasive techniques. An analysis of factors to consider in selection of the optimal surgical access was perfomed.