地表下滴灌引发的长时间土壤表面干燥使碳氮循环脱钩并改变了微生物群的组成

IF 2.1 Q3 SOIL SCIENCE
Deirdre Griffin‐LaHue, Daoyuan Wang, Amélie C. M. Gaudin, Blythe Durbin-Johnson, Matthew L. Settles, K. Scow
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引用次数: 0

摘要

灌溉管理极大地改变了土壤水分的供应和分布,并可能对土壤微生物群落以及碳(C)和氮(N)循环产生影响,其程度甚至超过在雨水灌溉系统中观察到的影响。在加利福尼亚的地中海农业生态系统中采用地表下滴灌(SDI)可带来农艺效益,但只能湿润根区附近的部分土壤,其余部分在整个生长季节都处于干燥状态。相比之下,传统的沟灌(FI)具有周期性湿润的特点,水分分布更均匀。在加利福尼亚州的一项田间试验中,我们比较了 SDI 和 FI 对微生物群落的影响,并评估了长期有机和常规管理系统对结果的影响。在整个生长季节,我们在两个深度(0-15 厘米、15-30 厘米)和距离床中心滴灌带的三个距离(10 厘米、25 厘米、45 厘米)采集了土壤样本。收获时,使用 SDI 灌溉的土壤表面的微生物生物量 C(MBC)低于使用 FI 灌溉的土壤,而且相对于床边的 MBC,床边的可溶性 C 和 N 有所增加,这表明微生物的吸收减少了。在 SDI 和灌溉条件下,床边的群落组成也有所不同,前者偏向于放线菌,后者偏向于酸性杆菌和宝石花菌。无论灌溉类型如何,河床的干燥区域具有最高的阿尔法多样性指数。有机系统和常规系统对 SDI 的反应相似,但有机系统的 MBC、DOC 以及变形菌和真菌脂质的相对丰度更高,与灌溉类型无关。正如在非农业系统中看到的那样,湿度变化的严重程度和频率、群落的适应性以及资源的可用性都会影响微生物的反应。在 SDI 条件下,干燥表层土壤中的碳库和氮库脱钩可能会增加地中海气候下第一场冬雨时 DOC 和硝酸盐损失的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Extended soil surface drying triggered by subsurface drip irrigation decouples carbon and nitrogen cycles and alters microbiome composition
Irrigation management dramatically alters soil water availability and distribution and could impact soil microbial communities and carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) cycling to an even greater degree than observed in rainfed systems. Adoption of subsurface drip irrigation (SDI) in California’s Mediterranean agroecosystems provides agronomic benefits but wets only a portion of the soil volume near the root zone, leaving the rest dry throughout the growing season. In contrast, traditional furrow irrigation (FI) has periodic wetting events with more homogenous moisture distribution. With conversion to precision irrigation methods, how will the microbiome respond to changes moisture availability, and how is their response influenced by soil C and N resource levels?In a field experiment in California, we compared SDI and FI’s effects on microbial communities and evaluated how long-term organic and conventional management systems impact outcomes. Throughout the growing season, soil samples were collected at two depths (0-15, 15-30 cm) and three distances from bed center (10, 25, 45 cm) where the drip tape is located.At harvest, soils irrigated using SDI had lower microbial biomass C (MBC) than under FI at the surface and showed a build-up of soluble C and N relative to MBC at the bed edge, indicating reduced microbial uptake. Community composition at the bed edge also diverged between SDI and FI, favoring Actinobacteria in the former and Acidobacteria and Gemmatimonadetes in the latter. Regardless of irrigation type, dry areas of the bed had the highest alpha diversity indices. Response to SDI was similar in organic and conventional systems, though organic had higher MBC, DOC, and relative abundance of Proteobacteria and fungal lipids, regardless of irrigation.Prolonged dry conditions in SDI appeared to limit microbial access to resources and changed community composition. As seen in non-agricultural systems, the severity and frequency of moisture changes, adaptation of the communities, and resource availability affect microbial response. Decoupling of C and N pools in dry surface soils under SDI may increase the potential for losses of DOC and nitrate with the first winter rains in this Mediterranean climate.
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