Update Diagnosis and Treatment of Hemoptysis

Hemoptysis refers to the occurrence of bleeding that comes from a location situated below the voice chords. Typically, it is categorized as normal, mild, or major, with the latter referring to bleeding exceeding 200–600 mL (about 1-2 cups) within a 24-hour period. Massive hemoptysis refers to bleeding that is either hemodynamically significant or poses a threat to ventilation. In a single study, the percentage of deaths within the hospital was found to be 6.5%. The primary objective of managing extensive hemoptysis is to provide therapeutic interventions rather than focusing on diagnostic procedures. The majority of occurrences of hemoptysis observed in patients receiving treatment outside of a hospital setting are attributed to infection, such as acute or chronic bronchitis, pneumonia, tuberculosis, or aspergillosis. The purpose of this study is to provide information on the latest advancements in the diagnosis and treatment of hemoptysis symptoms.