GENETIC RELATEDNESS OF PATHOGENIC YERSINIA

The scientific work is devoted to the study of genetic relatedness of Yersinia bacterial species. The purpose of the work is to generalize literature data on pathogenicity factors and relatedness between Yersinia pseudotuberculosis, Y. pestis and Y. enterocolitica. The research was carried out by analyzing data from the literature regarding pathogenicity factors and relatedness between Yersinia pseudotuberculosis and Y. pestis and Y. enterocolitica. During the execution of the work, a comparative method of research, episiotic, and analysis was used. Used the source base of foreign authors (Bonacorsi et al., 1994: Achtman et al., 2004; Abreu-Goodger & Merino, 2005; Wagner et al., 2014; Santos-Montañez et al., 2015) and many others who conducted research on this issue and reflected the results in their research works. It has been established that Yersinia's «arsenal of pathogenicity» includes a number of adhesins that allow invading pathogens to establish themselves in the host and attach to certain tissues later in the course of infection. When the host's innate immune system is activated, all three pathogens produce a structure similar to a medical needle for injection. In combination with the translocon, which forms a pore in the host membrane, the formed channel ensures the transfer of six «effector» proteins into the cytoplasm of the host cell. These proteins mimic host cell proteins but are more efficient than their native counterparts in modifying the host cell cytoskeleton, inducing host cell apoptosis. Such a complex arsenal ensures that уersinia maintain an advantage, despite all the efforts of the host to counteract the infecting pathogen.