创伤后应激障碍的精神分析

Yevhen Kharchenko, Denys Kurytsia
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摘要

本文的目的是对创伤后应激障碍进行精神分析;考虑创伤后应激障碍的一种类型,如军事创伤应激障碍;描述某些有助于形成军事创伤应激障碍的条件。研究方法。为了完成文章中提出的任务,我们采用了以下理论研究方法:分类法、结构和功能方法、分析、系统化、建模和概括方法。实验法是组织实证研究的方法。此外,我们还使用了积极心理疗法的方法。研究结果我们证明,俄乌战争导致的战斗人员创伤后应激障碍综合症的主要症状包括:病态记忆(执着地回到战争环境中);睡眠障碍;无法记忆,如对某些事件失忆(回避一切会让人联想到战斗事件的事物);过度兴奋(过度动员不足);过度敏感(对新发生的极端因素更加警觉)。结论。我们认为创伤后应激障碍的一种类型是军事创伤应激障碍。我们认为,它发生在敌对行动的直接参与者身上。某些条件有助于形成军事创伤应激反应,例如:和平的平民生活条件急剧转变为战斗条件,必须迅速适应。在这种情况下,一个人时刻处于危险之中,他/她是破坏、火灾、死亡(熟人和陌生人)的目击者;从敌对状态到和平生活的急剧变化。战斗人员必须重新适应这种情况。这一时期出现的适应不良过程因其持续时间长短而不同,被称为创伤后应激障碍。在敌对行动结束或复员后恢复正常的和平生活时,一个人往往仍然适应敌对行动的环境。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Psychoanalytical Analysis of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders
The purpose of this article is to make a psychoanalytical analysis of posttraumatic stress disorders; to consider a type of PTSD such as military traumatic stress; to describe some certain conditions, which contribute to the formation of military traumatic stress. Methods of the research. The following theoretical methods of the research were used to solve the tasks formulated in the article: a categorical method, structural and functional methods, the methods of the analysis, systematization, modeling and generalization. The experimental method was the method of organizing empirical research. Also, we used the method of Positive Psychotherapy. The results of the research. We proved, that the main symptoms of PTSD syndrome of combatants because of the russian-Ukrainian war included: pathological memories (obsessive return to the war situation); sleep disturbance; inability to remember, such as amnesia for some events (avoidance of everything that reminds of combat events); excessive excitability (inadequate excessive mobilization); hypersensitivity (increased alertness to the new occurrence of extreme factors). Conclusions. We considered a type of PTSD such as military traumatic stress. In our opinion, it occurs in direct participants in hostilities. Certain conditions contribute to the formation of military traumatic stress, for example: a sharp change in the conditions of peaceful civilian life to combat conditions, to which it is necessary to adapt quickly. In such conditions, a person is constantly in danger, he/she is a witness to destruction, fires, deaths (of both acquaintances and strangers); a sharp change from the situation of hostilities to a peaceful life. A combatant has to adapt to this situation anew. The maladaptive processes that occur during this period are distinguished by their duration and are called PTSD. Returning to normal peaceful life as a result of the end of hostilities or as a result of demobilization, a person often remains adapted to the situation of hostilities.
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