Numerical Study of the Effect of Thermal Insulation and Window-to-wall Ratio on Reducing the Thermal Loads of the Residential Sector in Iraq

Gypsum, Juss, and high-density concrete covered with sand and shtyger under weather conditions of Baghdad city with coordinates 33° N latitude and 44° E longitude, and to study the essential parameters such as building envelope, window-to-wall ratio (WWR), and internal sources that have a direct impact on the residential buildings. These parameters were processed and optimized to minimize the thermal loads annually. The results show that the optimal WWR is 25% in the south orientation. The annual thermal load can be reduced by about 49 % when covering the building envelope with a thermal insulation type (stone wall) with a thickness of 5 cm.