学生工作场所的人体工程学参数对青少年神经系统功能状态的影响

A. V. Ablyaeva, Lilia M. Fatkhutdinova
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摘要

引言现代学习环境是学龄儿童出现神经系统问题的潜在风险来源。 本研究旨在分析工作场所的人体工程学因素对现代教育环境中高年级青少年神经系统功能状态的影响。 材料和方法对学校各工作场所的人体工程学进行评估;在对学生和家长进行问卷调查时,研究青少年神经系统的主观不适及相关因素。采用 M.P. Moroz 的方法对青少年神经系统功能状态的指标进行了评估。 结果显示头痛主诉在青少年中非常普遍。在研究过程中,我们发现保持不合理的工作姿势会增加青少年头痛的可能性。此外,工作姿势的不合理和教育家具尺寸与青少年人体测量数据的不匹配,在统计学上对青少年神经系统功能状态指标的变化有显著影响。 局限性。该研究的局限性包括研究对象为 15-16 岁的青少年群体。研究还受到横断面性质的限制。对学校人体工程学因素对学龄儿童神经系统状态的动态影响进行调查研究可能会大有希望。 结论为防止神经系统受损,必须遵守人体工程学原则,教导青少年在学校保持合理的工作姿势。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Influence of ergonomic parameters of schoolchildren’s workplaces on the functional state of the nervous system in adolescents
Introduction. Modern learning environment is a source of potential risk for the development of neurological problems among schoolchildren. The aim of this study is to analyze the influence of ergonomic factors of workplaces on the functional state of the nervous system in older adolescents in the modern educational environment. Materials and methods. The ergonomic assessment of workplaces in the school at the individual workplace was given; the study of subjective complaints from the nervous system in adolescents and related factors during the questionnaire survey of schoolchildren and parents. Indicators of the functional state of the nervous system in adolescents were evaluated using the method of M.P. Moroz. Results. Headache complaints are highly prevalent among adolescents. In the course of the study, we found that staying in an irrational working posture increases the likelihood of headaches among adolescents. In addition, the irrationality of the working posture and the mismatch of the size of educational furniture with the anthropometric data of adolescents, statistically significantly affect the on the change in the indicators of the functional state of the nervous system in adolescents. Limitations. Limitations of the study include the fact that the study included groups of 15–16-year adolescents. The study is also limited by the fact that it was cross-sectional in nature. Studies investigating the influence of school ergonomic factors on the state of the nervous system of schoolchildren in dynamics may be promising. Conclusion. To prevent damage to the nervous system, it is important to observe ergonomic principles, teach adolescents to maintain a rational working posture in school.
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