冬小麦播种密度对其产量的影响模式

IF 0.1 Q4 ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Michael Y. Chaplygin, E. V. Zhalnin, L. S. Shibryaeva, Alexey V. Podzorov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言。本文论述了冬小麦从幼苗到籽粒完全成熟的发育动态所依赖的主要因素--土壤形态特征和籽粒品种特征。文章的目的。文章旨在确定影响冬小麦产量的内部和外部因素所决定的植株发育的主要模式。材料和方法。研究对象是冬小麦品种 RS-1 "Tanyaˮ。播种在北高加索联邦区的生产区进行。试验面积为 70 公顷,进行了两次不同播种率的试验。实验结果的可靠性采用费雪系数和学生系数进行检验。对从幼苗到籽粒完全成熟的整个植物生长周期进行了监测。结果。比较了播种量为 260 万粒/公顷和 650 万粒/公顷的种子发芽植物形态参数的动态变化。分析了决定小麦产量取决于播种率的外部和内部因素的作用。外部因素包括决定植物健康的生长环境因素以及与播种密度相关的生长环境因素。同时,还考虑了土壤的物理化学特性,包括土壤的肥力与容量指数(矿物物质的数量及其组分组成)、矿物物质与基质土壤之间的结合强度以及土壤离子从基质土壤向水溶液过渡的速度。在分析拟议栽培技术制备的土壤时发现,当播种量为 650 万株/公顷时,高产茎的数量为 550 根(0.0575 根/千克茎),当播种量为 260 万株/公顷时,高产茎的数量为 575 根(0.183 根/千克茎)。讨论与结论利用加德纳方程和小麦根系吸附特性参数评估了小麦播种密度对产量的影响。结果表明,当小麦播种密度为 260 万粒/公顷和 650 万粒/公顷时,考虑到生长的茎,得到的扩散系数 D(6.5)/D(2.6) 值之间的比值约为 1.7 倍。研究发现,决定因素是土壤结构,供水参数取决于土壤结构。每株植物的吸水率和从土壤中取水的深度决定了根系发育的类型。决定播种密度对产量影响的因素包括种子细胞膜的渗透参数。脯氨酸作为渗透活性有机物在细胞中的积累可促进细胞的保水。使用微量元素和生长调节剂处理以 260 万粒/公顷和 650 万粒/公顷的播种率发芽的种子,在第一种情况下,细胞质中脯氨酸浓度的增加幅度大于第二种情况。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Patterns of Influence of Winter Wheat Sowing Density on Its Yield
Introduction. The article deals with the soil morphological features and grain varietal characteristics as the main factors on which the dynamics of the winter wheat development from seedlings to full grain ripeness depends. Aim of the Article. The article is aimed at determining the main patterns of plant development depending on internal and external factors affecting the winter wheat yield. Materials and Methods. The winter wheat variety RS-1 “Tanyaˮ was an object of the research. Sowing was carried out in the production zones of the North Caucasus Federal District. The size of the area amounted to 70 ha; there were two experiments with different seeding rates. The reliability of the results was checked using Fisher's and Student's coefficient. There were carried out monitoring of the complete cycle of plant development - from seedlings to full grain ripeness. Results. The dynamics of changes in morphological parameters of plants germinated from seeds at seeding rates of 2.6 and 6.5 million pieces/ha was compared. The role of external and internal factors determining the dependence of wheat yield on seeding rate was analyzed. The external factors included the growth environment factors determining the health of plants and relating growth environment to the sowing density. At the same time, there were considered physico-chemical properties of soil including its fertility with capacity index (the amount of mineral substances and their fractional composition), the strength of the bond between mineral substances and the matrix soil, and the rate of transition of soil ions from the matrix soil to aqueous solution. When analyzing the soil prepared by the proposed cultivation technology, it was found that at a seeding rate of 6.5 million pieces/ha the number of productive stems was 550 pieces (0.0575 pieces/kg of stems), and at a seeding rate of 2.6 million pieces/ha their number was 575 pieces (0.183 pieces/kg of stems). Discussion and Conclusion. The influence of wheat seed sowing density on yield was evaluated using the Gardner equation and parameters of sorption properties of wheat root systems. It was shown that for wheat sowing density at seeding rates of 2.6 and 6.5 million pieces/ha the ratio between the values of diffusion coefficients D(6.5)/D(2.6), obtained taking into account the grown stems, was ~ 1.7 times. It was found that the determining factor is the soil structure, on which the parameters of water supply depend. The type of developing root system is determined by the water absorption rate and the depth to which water is extracted from the soil per plant. The factors determining the effect of seeding density on yield include osmotic parameters of seed cell membranes. Accumulation of proline as an osmotically active organic matter in the cell promotes water retention in the cell. The use of microelements and growth regulators for treating seeds germinated at sowing rates of 2.6 and 6.5 million pieces/ha leads to a greater increase in the proline concentration in the cytoplasm in the first case than in the second.
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Engineering Technologies and Systems
Engineering Technologies and Systems ENGINEERING, MULTIDISCIPLINARY-
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