青少年肥胖和代谢综合征的风险因素

Larina N.G., Azovtseva O.V.
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引用次数: 0

摘要

肥胖症是医疗系统亟待解决的问题之一。尽管进行了大量的研究,但肥胖症的危险因素以及相关的代谢综合征问题至今仍是一个相关问题。此外,对肥胖症和代谢综合征患者以及无肥胖症和代谢综合征患者的风险因素进行分析也是一个有趣的问题。这项研究的目的是研究患有肥胖症和代谢综合征的青少年的风险因素。研究探讨了围产期因素、遗传、饮食行为的特殊性、心理状态和微观社会的作用。研究表明,围产期因素(复杂的妊娠和分娩过程)、早期母乳喂养问题(之前的人工喂养、围产期中枢神经系统损伤、贫血、佝偻病)以及心血管和内分泌病变的遗传负担(肥胖、1 型糖尿病)对所有肥胖青少年都有影响,无论是否存在代谢综合征;所有接受检查的青少年都存在营养状况的特殊性(食物中含有大量碳水化合物和精制脂肪、蛋白质缺乏),再加上缺乏运动和形成不健康的生活方式。患有肥胖症和代谢综合征的青少年普遍存在心理问题,如高度焦虑、自卑、社交恐惧症、个人认知和动机失常,以及微观社会环境的病理变化,即家庭问题。在为超重和肥胖症患者制定预防和康复计划时,应考虑到上述特征。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
RISK FACTORS FOR OBESITY AND METABOLIC SYNDROME IN ADOLESCENTS
Obesity is one of the urgent problems of the healthcare system. Despite a large number of studies, the issue of risk factors for this condition, as well as the associated metabolic syndrome, remains relevant to date. Also interesting is the question of analyzing risk factors in patients with obesity and metabolic syndrome, and without them. The purpose of the study was to study risk factors in adolescents with obesity and metabolic syndrome. The study examines the role of perinatal factors, heredity, peculiarities of eating behavior, the role of psychological status and microsocia. It was shown that perinatal factors (complicated course of pregnancy and childbirth), problems of early breast-feeding (previously artificial feeding, perinatal damage of the central nervous system, anemia, rickets), as well as burdened heredity for cardiovascular and endocrine pathology (obesity, diabetes mellitus 1 type) had all obese adolescents, regardless of the presence of metabolic syndrome; the peculiarities of the nutritional status (food with a lot of carbohydrates and refined fats, protein deficiency) in combination with physical inactivity and the formation of an unhealthy lifestyle were noted in all examined adolescents. Psychological problems, such as a high level of anxiety, low self-esteem, social phobia, violation of personal perception and motivation, as well as pathology of the microsocial environment, that is, family problems prevailed in adolescents with obesity and components of metabolic syndrome. The identified features should be taken into account when developing prevention and rehabilitation programs for overweight and obese patients.
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