Regulation of phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in strawberry ripening: molecular and hormonal mechanisms

The biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids is regulated by a complex molecular, biochemical and physiological network. Modulation of phenylpropanoid metabolism occurs by endogenous (transcription and post-transcription factors, homeostasis modulators, hormones) and extrinsic (biotic and abiotic agents) signals, both during the growth and development of strawberries. In the context of endogenous modulation, during the transition from maturation to ripening of strawberries, the most significant alteration in the synthesis and accumulation of phenylpropanoids occurs, and phytohormones are intensely involved in regulating this event. The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) is highlighted, which plays a central role in strawberry ripening and seems necessary for anthocyanin synthesis. In this review, we report the main mechanisms involved before and during the biosynthesis of phenylpropanoid compounds in strawberry ripening, focusing on anthocyanin synthesis.