有效的心理治疗如何发挥作用:认知行为疗法及其他疗法的改变机制。

IF 2 4区 心理学 Q3 PSYCHOLOGY, CLINICAL
Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy Pub Date : 2023-11-01 Epub Date: 2024-01-05 DOI:10.1017/S1352465823000590
Paul M Salkovskis, Magnus Blondahl Sighvatsson, Jon Fridrik Sigurdsson
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引用次数: 0

摘要

背景:认知行为疗法(CBT)在50年的时间里已经发展成为心理治疗的主要模式。目的:在本文中,我们将描述认知行为疗法的主要特征,这些特征说明了认知行为疗法过去和未来的发展速度,以期找出变革机制的候选者。我们还将强调心理治疗中 "共同要素 "和 "改变机制 "之间的区别:方法:我们考虑了行为疗法和认知疗法的发展历史,最终形成了目前属于认知行为疗法(CBT)范畴的各种策略。我们考虑了 CBT 的经验基础如何导致有效治疗策略的大量涌现。然后,我们探讨了 "共同因素 "与 "改变机制 "之间的关系,并提出一种特殊的心理灵活性不仅是 CBT 疗法的改变机制,也是一般有效心理疗法的改变机制:好的心理疗法最终应该是帮助有心理障碍的人了解他们在哪些方面以及如何 "陷入困境",而这些 "陷入困境 "的因素又是如何导致他们的心理困扰和障碍的。然后对共同的理解进行评估和检验,目的是增强他们的能力,使他们能够更灵活地应对,从而重新找回自己的生活。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
How effective psychological treatments work: mechanisms of change in cognitive behavioural therapy and beyond.

Background: Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) has, in the space of 50 years, evolved into the dominant modality in psychological therapy. Mechanism/s of change remain unclear, however.

Aims: In this paper, we will describe key features of CBT that account for the pace of past and future developments, with a view to identifying candidates for mechanism of change. We also highlight the distinction between 'common elements' and 'mechanisms of change' in psychological treatment.

Method: The history of how behaviour therapy and cognitive therapy developed are considered, culminating in the wide range of strategies which now fall under the heading of cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). We consider how the empirical grounding of CBT has led to the massive proliferation of effective treatment strategies. We then consider the relationship between 'common factors' and 'mechanisms of change', and propose that a particular type of psychological flexibility is the mechanism of change not only in CBT but also effective psychological therapies in general.

Conclusion: Good psychological therapies should ultimately involve supporting people experiencing psychological difficulties to understand where and how they have become 'stuck' in terms of factors involved in maintaining distress and impairment. A shared understanding is then evaluated and tested with the intention of empowering and enabling them to respond more flexibly and thereby reclaim their life.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
3.50
自引率
5.60%
发文量
82
期刊介绍: An international multidisciplinary journal aimed primarily at members of the helping and teaching professions. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy features original research papers, covering both experimental and clinical work, that contribute to the theory, practice and evolution of cognitive and behaviour therapy. The journal aims to reflect and influence the continuing changes in the concepts, methodology, and techniques of behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy. A particular feature of the journal is its broad ranging scope - both in terms of topics and types of study covered. Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy encompasses most areas of human behaviour and experience, and represents many different research methods, from randomized controlled trials to detailed case studies.
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