An enhanced technique for friction stir welding of ceramic particle reinforced aluminium based metal matrix composites

This manuscript proposes an enhanced technique for the friction stir welding (FSW) of ceramic particle-reinforced aluminium-related metal matrix composites. The proposed technique is the joint implementation of both the Aquila Optimizer and Pelican Optimization Algorithm. This proposed method aims is to enhance the welding efficiency, quality, and overall performance of the weld joints. The test is conducted in an all-purpose machine at cutting speeds that permit temperatures that are comparable to the FSW of stainless-steel, aluminium alloys and copper. Reaction–diffusion studies are conducted to better understand the diffusion-control process under tool wear, and the tool wear rate is determined by the length of the cutting tool's nose tip. Rotational speed at 10 mm/min is examined. SiC exhibits the highest performance of aluminium and stainless steel. As the fraction of SiC increases to 18%, the axial force and rotational speed of FSW also increase.