Karim Elkhouly, Iakov Goldberg, Xin Zhang, Nirav Annavarapu, Sarah Hamdad, Guillaume Croes, Cedric Rolin, Jan Genoe, Weiming Qiu, Robert Gehlhaar, Paul Heremans
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引用次数: 0
摘要
金属卤化物过氧化物已成为薄膜激光二极管的增益材料,前景广阔。然而,在过氧化物发光二极管(PeLED)中实现电激发放大自发辐射(ASE)是过氧化物激光二极管的先决条件,而器件堆栈的高电导率和高净模态增益这两个相互矛盾的要求阻碍了这一目标的实现。在这里,我们开发了一种透明的 PeLED 结构,它将低光学损耗与出色的电流注入特性结合在一起。通过在 77 K 温度下使用 2.3 ns 光脉冲,我们实现了阈值为 9.1 μJ cm-2 的 ASE。在 77 K 下对同一器件进行亚微秒级电激励时,我们的电流密度超过 3 kA cm-2,辐照度值超过 40 W cm-2。值得注意的是,用与强电脉冲前沿同步的光脉冲共同泵浦 PeLED 会使 ASE 阈值降低 1.2 ± 0.2 μJ cm-2,这表明电注入载流子有助于光学增益。此外,为了评估包晶体半导体光放大器的可行性,我们用 1μs 长的光激励探测了 PeLED,并观察到阈值为 3.8 kW cm-2 的连续波 ASE。最后,我们表明,这种强电脉冲产生的电致发光亮度水平接近连续波光泵浦在 ASE 门限处产生的辐照度的一半。这项工作表明,使用这种透明 PeLED,可以实现包晶体半导体光放大器和注入激光器。
Electrically assisted amplified spontaneous emission in perovskite light-emitting diodes
Metal halide perovskites have emerged as promising gain materials for thin-film laser diodes. However, achieving electrically excited amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) in perovskite light-emitting diodes (PeLEDs), a pre-condition for perovskite laser diodes, is hindered by the conflicting requirements of high conductivity and high net modal gain of the device stack. Here we develop a transparent PeLED architecture that combines low optical losses with excellent current-injection properties. Using 2.3 ns optical pulses at 77 K, we achieve ASE with a threshold of 9.1 μJ cm−2. Upon submicrosecond electrical excitation at 77 K of the same device, we achieve current densities above 3 kA cm−2 with irradiance values above 40 W cm−2. Notably, co-pumping the PeLED with optical pulses that are synchronized with the leading edge of an intense electrical pulse results in a reduction of the ASE threshold by 1.2 ± 0.2 μJ cm−2, showing that electrically injected carriers contribute to optical gain. Furthermore, to assess the feasibility of a perovskite semiconductor optical amplifier, we probe the PeLED with 1-μs-long optical excitation and observe continuous-wave ASE at a threshold of 3.8 kW cm−2. Finally, we show that such intense electrical pulses generate electroluminescence brightness levels close to half the irradiance produced by continuous-wave optical pumping at the ASE threshold. This work shows that perovskite semiconductor optical amplifiers and injection lasers are within reach using this type of transparent PeLED. Electrically injected charges can effectively contribute to optical gain in perovskite light-emitting diodes under optical and electrical co-excitation.
期刊介绍:
Nature Photonics is a monthly journal dedicated to the scientific study and application of light, known as Photonics. It publishes top-quality, peer-reviewed research across all areas of light generation, manipulation, and detection.
The journal encompasses research into the fundamental properties of light and its interactions with matter, as well as the latest developments in optoelectronic devices and emerging photonics applications. Topics covered include lasers, LEDs, imaging, detectors, optoelectronic devices, quantum optics, biophotonics, optical data storage, spectroscopy, fiber optics, solar energy, displays, terahertz technology, nonlinear optics, plasmonics, nanophotonics, and X-rays.
In addition to research papers and review articles summarizing scientific findings in optoelectronics, Nature Photonics also features News and Views pieces and research highlights. It uniquely includes articles on the business aspects of the industry, such as technology commercialization and market analysis, offering a comprehensive perspective on the field.