尿素催化氧化在能源和环境方面的应用

IF 40.4 1区 化学 Q1 CHEMISTRY, MULTIDISCIPLINARY
Xintong Gao, Shuai Zhang, Pengtang Wang, Mietek Jaroniec, Yao Zheng and Shi-Zhang Qiao
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引用次数: 0

摘要

尿素是氮循环中最基本的活性氮素之一,在水、能源和食物之间的关系中发挥着不可或缺的作用。然而,未经处理的尿素或尿液废水会造成严重的环境污染,威胁人类健康。温和条件下的电催化和光(电)催化尿素氧化技术已成为能源回收和环境修复的有效方法。深入了解尿素氧化反应(UOR)的反应机理对于为这些技术设计高效的电催化剂/光(电)催化剂非常重要。本综述通过电催化和光(电)催化对尿素氧化反应的最新进展进行了批判性评估,旨在从基础知识、材料到实际应用等方面对这一新兴领域进行全面评估。本综述的重点是基于反应途径的电催化剂/光(电)催化剂的设计和开发策略。同时,还讨论了天然尿液中的尿素还原酶,重点关注杂质离子的影响。特别强调了尿素还原反应在能源和环境领域的应用,如尿素电解制氢、尿素燃料电池和尿素/尿废水修复。最后,还讨论了这一新兴研究领域的未来方向、前景和仍然面临的挑战。这篇重要的综述极大地提高了人们对尿素转化和可持续氮经济发展当前进展的认识。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Urea catalytic oxidation for energy and environmental applications

Urea catalytic oxidation for energy and environmental applications

Urea catalytic oxidation for energy and environmental applications

Urea is one of the most essential reactive nitrogen species in the nitrogen cycle and plays an indispensable role in the water-energy-food nexus. However, untreated urea or urine wastewater causes severe environmental pollution and threatens human health. Electrocatalytic and photo(electro)catalytic urea oxidation technologies under mild conditions have become promising methods for energy recovery and environmental remediation. An in-depth understanding of the reaction mechanisms of the urea oxidation reaction (UOR) is important to design efficient electrocatalysts/photo(electro)catalysts for these technologies. This review provides a critical appraisal of the recent advances in the UOR by means of both electrocatalysis and photo(electro)catalysis, aiming to comprehensively assess this emerging field from fundamentals and materials, to practical applications. The emphasis of this review is on the design and development strategies for electrocatalysts/photo(electro)catalysts based on reaction pathways. Meanwhile, the UOR in natural urine is discussed, focusing on the influence of impurity ions. A particular emphasis is placed on the application of the UOR in energy and environmental fields, such as hydrogen production by urea electrolysis, urea fuel cells, and urea/urine wastewater remediation. Finally, future directions, prospects, and remaining challenges are discussed for this emerging research field. This critical review significantly increases the understanding of current progress in urea conversion and the development of a sustainable nitrogen economy.

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来源期刊
Chemical Society Reviews
Chemical Society Reviews 化学-化学综合
CiteScore
80.80
自引率
1.10%
发文量
345
审稿时长
6.0 months
期刊介绍: Chemical Society Reviews is published by: Royal Society of Chemistry. Focus: Review articles on topics of current interest in chemistry; Predecessors: Quarterly Reviews, Chemical Society (1947–1971); Current title: Since 1971; Impact factor: 60.615 (2021); Themed issues: Occasional themed issues on new and emerging areas of research in the chemical sciences
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