{"title":"HCMV miR-UL70-3p 通过靶向自噬相关蛋白 9A (ATG9A) 下调雷帕霉素诱导的自噬。","authors":"Raj Kumar Khalko, Abhishek Pandeya, Sangeeta Saxena, Sunil Babu Gosipatala","doi":"10.1080/08830185.2023.2296488","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative <i>β-herpesvirus</i> that establishes persistent infections in humans, and exhibits high seropositivity rates in adults. It has co-evolved with its human host and employs various strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms by utilizing a significant portion of its genome. HCMV-encoded proteins and miRNAs have been implicated in regulating these mechanisms, enabling viral survival within the human body. During viral infections, autophagy, a conserved catabolic process essential for cellular homeostasis, acts as an antiviral defense mechanism. Multiple studies have reported that HCMV can modulate autophagy through its proteins and miRNAs, thereby influencing its survival within the host. In this study, we showed the potential involvement of HCMV miRNAs in cellular autophagy. We employed various bioinformatic tools to predict putative HCMV miRNAs that target autophagy-related genes and their corresponding cellular autophagy genes. Our results show that the 3'UTR of autophagy-related genes, including ATG9A, ATG9B, ATG16L2, SQSTM1, and EIF2AK2, harbors potential binding sites for hcmv-miR-UL70-3p. Experimental manipulation involving ectopic expression of hcmv-miR-UL70-3p demonstrated a significant reduction in rapamycin-induced autophagy, with ATG9A as its functional target. These findings establish that hcmv-miR-UL70-3p acts as an autophagy inhibitor by suppressing the expression of ATG9A.</p>","PeriodicalId":14333,"journal":{"name":"International Reviews of Immunology","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":4.3000,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"HCMV miR-UL70-3p downregulates the rapamycin-induced autophagy by targeting the autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A).\",\"authors\":\"Raj Kumar Khalko, Abhishek Pandeya, Sangeeta Saxena, Sunil Babu Gosipatala\",\"doi\":\"10.1080/08830185.2023.2296488\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<p><p>Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative <i>β-herpesvirus</i> that establishes persistent infections in humans, and exhibits high seropositivity rates in adults. It has co-evolved with its human host and employs various strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms by utilizing a significant portion of its genome. HCMV-encoded proteins and miRNAs have been implicated in regulating these mechanisms, enabling viral survival within the human body. During viral infections, autophagy, a conserved catabolic process essential for cellular homeostasis, acts as an antiviral defense mechanism. Multiple studies have reported that HCMV can modulate autophagy through its proteins and miRNAs, thereby influencing its survival within the host. In this study, we showed the potential involvement of HCMV miRNAs in cellular autophagy. We employed various bioinformatic tools to predict putative HCMV miRNAs that target autophagy-related genes and their corresponding cellular autophagy genes. Our results show that the 3'UTR of autophagy-related genes, including ATG9A, ATG9B, ATG16L2, SQSTM1, and EIF2AK2, harbors potential binding sites for hcmv-miR-UL70-3p. Experimental manipulation involving ectopic expression of hcmv-miR-UL70-3p demonstrated a significant reduction in rapamycin-induced autophagy, with ATG9A as its functional target. These findings establish that hcmv-miR-UL70-3p acts as an autophagy inhibitor by suppressing the expression of ATG9A.</p>\",\"PeriodicalId\":14333,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"International Reviews of Immunology\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":4.3000,\"publicationDate\":\"2024-01-01\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"International Reviews of Immunology\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"3\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2023.2296488\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"医学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"2024/1/2 0:00:00\",\"PubModel\":\"Epub\",\"JCR\":\"Q2\",\"JCRName\":\"IMMUNOLOGY\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"International Reviews of Immunology","FirstCategoryId":"3","ListUrlMain":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08830185.2023.2296488","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"医学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"2024/1/2 0:00:00","PubModel":"Epub","JCR":"Q2","JCRName":"IMMUNOLOGY","Score":null,"Total":0}
HCMV miR-UL70-3p downregulates the rapamycin-induced autophagy by targeting the autophagy-related protein 9A (ATG9A).
Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a representative β-herpesvirus that establishes persistent infections in humans, and exhibits high seropositivity rates in adults. It has co-evolved with its human host and employs various strategies to evade antiviral mechanisms by utilizing a significant portion of its genome. HCMV-encoded proteins and miRNAs have been implicated in regulating these mechanisms, enabling viral survival within the human body. During viral infections, autophagy, a conserved catabolic process essential for cellular homeostasis, acts as an antiviral defense mechanism. Multiple studies have reported that HCMV can modulate autophagy through its proteins and miRNAs, thereby influencing its survival within the host. In this study, we showed the potential involvement of HCMV miRNAs in cellular autophagy. We employed various bioinformatic tools to predict putative HCMV miRNAs that target autophagy-related genes and their corresponding cellular autophagy genes. Our results show that the 3'UTR of autophagy-related genes, including ATG9A, ATG9B, ATG16L2, SQSTM1, and EIF2AK2, harbors potential binding sites for hcmv-miR-UL70-3p. Experimental manipulation involving ectopic expression of hcmv-miR-UL70-3p demonstrated a significant reduction in rapamycin-induced autophagy, with ATG9A as its functional target. These findings establish that hcmv-miR-UL70-3p acts as an autophagy inhibitor by suppressing the expression of ATG9A.
期刊介绍:
This review journal provides the most current information on basic and translational research in immunology and related fields. In addition to invited reviews, the journal accepts for publication articles and editorials on relevant topics proposed by contributors. Each issue of International Reviews of Immunology contains both solicited and unsolicited review articles, editorials, and ''In-this-Issue'' highlights. The journal also hosts reviews that position the authors'' original work relative to advances in a given field, bridging the gap between annual reviews and the original research articles.
This review series is relevant to all immunologists, molecular biologists, microbiologists, translational scientists, industry researchers, and physicians who work in basic and clinical immunology, inflammatory and allergic diseases, vaccines, and additional topics relevant to medical research and drug development that connect immunology to disciplines such as oncology, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic disorders.
Covered in International Reviews of Immunology: Basic and developmental immunology (innate and adaptive immunity; inflammation; and tumor and microbial immunology); Clinical research (mechanisms of disease in man pertaining to infectious diseases, autoimmunity, allergy, oncology / immunology); and Translational research (relevant to biomarkers, diagnostics, vaccines, and drug development).