Qiang Liu , Yanxin Si , Xinjian Cao , Jun Cheng , Shengyu Zhu , Rengen Xu , Jie Guo , Jun Yang , Weimin Liu
{"title":"金属元素掺杂对镓基液态金属润滑行为和机理的影响","authors":"Qiang Liu , Yanxin Si , Xinjian Cao , Jun Cheng , Shengyu Zhu , Rengen Xu , Jie Guo , Jun Yang , Weimin Liu","doi":"10.1016/j.wear.2023.205234","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p><span><span><span>Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) are a novel high-end lubricant with low </span>friction coefficient<span> and excellent load-carrying capacity. This paper aims to improve the lubrication properties of GLMs by regulating the frictional interfaces. Six types of GLMs doped with Zn, Mg, Bi, Cu, Ti, or Sc elements are prepared respectively, and the effects of metal </span></span>element doping<span> on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms for AISI 440C steel self-mated pairs are investigated in the mixed lubrication<span> regime with a ball-on-three-plate setup. Doping 1 wt% Zn or Cu elements can improve the lubrication properties, with the friction coefficient reduced by 20.3 % and the wear rate reduced by 55.1 % compared with those under eutectic Ga/In/Sn lubrication. However, doping Ti, Sc, Mg, or Bi all reduce the lubrication properties. Doping Zn improves the lubrication properties of GLMs by promoting the adsorption of gallium on the frictional interfaces. Conversely, doping Bi inhibits the adsorption of gallium. The improvement in the lubrication properties of Cu-doped GLM is attributed to the formation of low-hardness CuGa</span></span></span><sub>2</sub> particles. The doping of Ti or Sc generates high-hardness TiGa<sub>3</sub> or ScGa<sub>3</sub> particles, causing three-body abrasive wear. The doping of Mg generates a large number of Mg<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub> particles, seriously disrupting the stable lubrication.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23970,"journal":{"name":"Wear","volume":"538 ","pages":"Article 205234"},"PeriodicalIF":6.1000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Effects of metal element doping on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms of gallium-based liquid metals\",\"authors\":\"Qiang Liu , Yanxin Si , Xinjian Cao , Jun Cheng , Shengyu Zhu , Rengen Xu , Jie Guo , Jun Yang , Weimin Liu\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.wear.2023.205234\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p><span><span><span>Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) are a novel high-end lubricant with low </span>friction coefficient<span> and excellent load-carrying capacity. This paper aims to improve the lubrication properties of GLMs by regulating the frictional interfaces. Six types of GLMs doped with Zn, Mg, Bi, Cu, Ti, or Sc elements are prepared respectively, and the effects of metal </span></span>element doping<span> on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms for AISI 440C steel self-mated pairs are investigated in the mixed lubrication<span> regime with a ball-on-three-plate setup. Doping 1 wt% Zn or Cu elements can improve the lubrication properties, with the friction coefficient reduced by 20.3 % and the wear rate reduced by 55.1 % compared with those under eutectic Ga/In/Sn lubrication. However, doping Ti, Sc, Mg, or Bi all reduce the lubrication properties. Doping Zn improves the lubrication properties of GLMs by promoting the adsorption of gallium on the frictional interfaces. Conversely, doping Bi inhibits the adsorption of gallium. The improvement in the lubrication properties of Cu-doped GLM is attributed to the formation of low-hardness CuGa</span></span></span><sub>2</sub> particles. The doping of Ti or Sc generates high-hardness TiGa<sub>3</sub> or ScGa<sub>3</sub> particles, causing three-body abrasive wear. The doping of Mg generates a large number of Mg<sub>2</sub>Ga<sub>5</sub> particles, seriously disrupting the stable lubrication.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23970,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Wear\",\"volume\":\"538 \",\"pages\":\"Article 205234\"},\"PeriodicalIF\":6.1000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-31\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Wear\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"5\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043164823006178\",\"RegionNum\":1,\"RegionCategory\":\"工程技术\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q1\",\"JCRName\":\"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Wear","FirstCategoryId":"5","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0043164823006178","RegionNum":1,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q1","JCRName":"ENGINEERING, MECHANICAL","Score":null,"Total":0}
Effects of metal element doping on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms of gallium-based liquid metals
Gallium-based liquid metals (GLMs) are a novel high-end lubricant with low friction coefficient and excellent load-carrying capacity. This paper aims to improve the lubrication properties of GLMs by regulating the frictional interfaces. Six types of GLMs doped with Zn, Mg, Bi, Cu, Ti, or Sc elements are prepared respectively, and the effects of metal element doping on the lubrication behaviors and mechanisms for AISI 440C steel self-mated pairs are investigated in the mixed lubrication regime with a ball-on-three-plate setup. Doping 1 wt% Zn or Cu elements can improve the lubrication properties, with the friction coefficient reduced by 20.3 % and the wear rate reduced by 55.1 % compared with those under eutectic Ga/In/Sn lubrication. However, doping Ti, Sc, Mg, or Bi all reduce the lubrication properties. Doping Zn improves the lubrication properties of GLMs by promoting the adsorption of gallium on the frictional interfaces. Conversely, doping Bi inhibits the adsorption of gallium. The improvement in the lubrication properties of Cu-doped GLM is attributed to the formation of low-hardness CuGa2 particles. The doping of Ti or Sc generates high-hardness TiGa3 or ScGa3 particles, causing three-body abrasive wear. The doping of Mg generates a large number of Mg2Ga5 particles, seriously disrupting the stable lubrication.
期刊介绍：
Wear journal is dedicated to the advancement of basic and applied knowledge concerning the nature of wear of materials. Broadly, topics of interest range from development of fundamental understanding of the mechanisms of wear to innovative solutions to practical engineering problems. Authors of experimental studies are expected to comment on the repeatability of the data, and whenever possible, conduct multiple measurements under similar testing conditions. Further, Wear embraces the highest standards of professional ethics, and the detection of matching content, either in written or graphical form, from other publications by the current authors or by others, may result in rejection.
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