范式还是实践?在当代考古方法和理论中定位 GIS

IF 3.2 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
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引用次数: 0

摘要

摘要 地理信息系统(GIS)在考古学中的应用已有 40 年之久,在考古实践中似乎已成为地理空间方面的主要工具。在本文中,我们研究了考古学出版物(书籍和期刊文章)、会议报告和网站中使用和/或提及地理信息系统的时间趋势。我们通过关键词搜索和正式抽样调查收集数据,并进行定量和定性分析,以描述 GIS 在考古学中的使用性质和强度随时间推移而不断变化的特点,然后用考古学 GIS 的历史叙述来说明这些趋势。我们展示了考古学 GIS 的使用是如何从 20 世纪 80 年代的少数早期采用者,经过 20 世纪 90 年代缓慢的初始整合阶段,发展到 2000 年代和 2010 年代的两次大规模扩展。虽然我们发现 GIS 的应用已经发展到可以说是无处不在的地步--即使不是完全普及,但我们也发现考古学 GIS 进展的主要重点是方法论而非理论。我们认为有五大障碍阻碍了理论丰富的考古学 GIS 的发展:(1)考古学 GIS 教育模式的缺陷,(2)过度依赖商业软件,(3)技术/工艺障碍,(4)对 GIS 接受程度的差距,以及(5)认为 GIS "只是一种工具"。我们就如何减轻这些障碍的影响,在考古学中与 GIS 建立更稳固、理论更复杂的关系提出了初步建议。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Paradigm or Practice? Situating GIS in Contemporary Archaeological Method and Theory

Abstract

Geographic information systems (GIS) has been used in archaeology for four decades, and colloquially appears to have become a main tool in the geospatial aspects of archaeological practice. In this paper, we examine temporal trends in the use and/or mention of GIS in archaeological publications (books and journal articles), conference presentations, and websites. We gathered data through keyword searches and with formal sampling surveys and conducted both quantitative and qualitative analyses to characterize the changing nature and intensity of GIS use in archaeology over time, and then contextualize these trends with a narrative history of archaeological GIS. We show how archaeological GIS-use has grown from a few early adopters of the 1980s, through a slow initial integration phase in the 1990s, to a set of two major expansions in the 2000s and 2010s. While we find that applied use of GIS has grown to the point where it can be considered ubiquitous—if not completely universal—in the discipline, we also discovered that the major focus in archaeological GIS advancement is methodological rather than theoretical. We identify five roadblocks that we believe have hampered the development of a theory-rich archaeological GIS: (1) deficiencies in the archaeological GIS education model, (2) over-reliance on commercial software, (3) technical/technological barriers, (4) gaps in acceptance of GIS, and (5) the perception of GIS as “just a tool.” We offer initial suggestions for ways forward to mitigate the effects of these roadblocks and build a more robust, theoretically sophisticated relationship with GIS in archaeology.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.70%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, the leading journal in its field,  presents original articles that address method- or theory-focused issues of current archaeological interest and represent significant explorations on the cutting edge of the discipline.   The journal also welcomes topical syntheses that critically assess and integrate research on a specific subject in archaeological method or theory, as well as examinations of the history of archaeology.    Written by experts, the articles benefit an international audience of archaeologists, students of archaeology, and practitioners of closely related disciplines.  Specific topics covered in recent issues include:  the use of nitche construction theory in archaeology,  new developments in the use of soil chemistry in archaeological interpretation, and a model for the prehistoric development of clothing.  The Journal''s distinguished Editorial Board includes archaeologists with worldwide archaeological knowledge (the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and Africa), and expertise in a wide range of methodological and theoretical issues.  Rated ''A'' in the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH) Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory is rated ''A'' in the ERIH, a new reference index that aims to help evenly access the scientific quality of Humanities research output. For more information visit: http://www.esf.org/research-areas/humanities/activities/research-infrastructures.html Rated ''A'' in the Australian Research Council Humanities and Creative Arts Journal List.  For more information, visit: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/journal_list_dev.htm
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