C. Buur , R. Zachariae , K.B. Komischke-Konnerup , M.M. Marello , L.H. Schierff , M. O'Connor
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Risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Background
The diagnosis Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) has recently been included in ICD-11 and DSM-5-TR. To identify individuals who need help coping with grief, knowledge is needed about who is at risk of developing PGD. We, therefore, conducted a comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis of the available literature on risk factors for prolonged grief symptoms (PGS).
Methods
Based on a literature search in PsycInfo, PubMed, Web of Science, and CINAHL, we included the most frequently investigated risk factors in a meta-analysis. The effect size correlation was used as the standardized measure of the strength of the association between the risk factor and PGS.
Results
Based on 120 studies of 61.580 participants published between 1989 and 2023, 19 risk factors were included in the meta-analysis. For the adjusted associations, the strongest associations with PGS were pre-loss grief symptoms (ESr = 0.39, 95%CI[0.24–0.53]) and depression (ESr = 0.30, 95%CI[0.13–0.44]). Small, but statistically significant associations were observed for unexpected death, violent/unnatural death, low educational level, low income, female gender, anxious attachment style, and death of a child or partner.
Conclusions
An updated overview of risk factors for PGS is presented, including their predictive strength. The results offer knowledge that can aid prevention and early identification of people at risk of PGD.
期刊介绍：
Clinical Psychology Review serves as a platform for substantial reviews addressing pertinent topics in clinical psychology. Encompassing a spectrum of issues, from psychopathology to behavior therapy, cognition to cognitive therapies, behavioral medicine to community mental health, assessment, and child development, the journal seeks cutting-edge papers that significantly contribute to advancing the science and/or practice of clinical psychology.
While maintaining a primary focus on topics directly related to clinical psychology, the journal occasionally features reviews on psychophysiology, learning therapy, experimental psychopathology, and social psychology, provided they demonstrate a clear connection to research or practice in clinical psychology. Integrative literature reviews and summaries of innovative ongoing clinical research programs find a place within its pages. However, reports on individual research studies and theoretical treatises or clinical guides lacking an empirical base are deemed inappropriate for publication.
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