Entropy-Driven Strongly Confined Low-Toxicity Pure-Red Perovskite Quantum Dots for Spectrally Stable Light-Emitting Diodes

Spectrally stable pure-red perovskite quantum dots (QDs) with low lead content are essential for high-definition displays but are difficult to synthesize due to QD self-purification. Here, we make use of entropy-driven quantum-confined pure-red perovskite QDs to fabricate light-emitting diodes (LEDs) that have low toxicity and are efficient and spectrum-stable. Based on experimental data and first-principles calculations, multiple element alloying results in a 60% reduction in lead content while improving QD entropy to promote crystal stability. Entropy-driven QDs exhibit photoluminescence with 100% quantum yields and single-exponential decay lifetimes without alteration of their morphology or crystal structure. The pure-red LEDs utilizing entropy-driven QDs have spectrally stable electroluminescence, achieving a brightness of 4932 cd/m², a maximum external quantum efficiency of over 20%, and a 15-fold longer operational lifetime than the CsPbI₃ QD-based LEDs. These achievements demonstrate that entropy-driven QDs can mitigate local compositional heterogeneity and ion migration.