Kristina Zeljic, Michael J. Morgan, Joshua A. Solomon
{"title":"单眼和双眼机制检测点密度和点对比度的变化","authors":"Kristina Zeljic, Michael J. Morgan, Joshua A. Solomon","doi":"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108347","DOIUrl":null,"url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Strong reciprocity has been demonstrated between (1) spatial modulations of dot density and modulations of dot luminance, and (2) modulations of dot density and modulations of dot contrast, in textures. The latter are much easier to detect when presented in phase with one another than when presented 180° out of phase, although out-of-phase modulations can also be detected given sufficient amplitude. This result supports the existence of two detection mechanisms: one that is excited by both density modulations and contrast modulations (quiescent when those modulations are presented 180° out of phase) and another that is relatively insensitive to either density modulations or contrast modulations (thus remaining stimulated regardless of phase angle). We investigate whether the mechanism responsible for detecting out-of-phase modulations depends on high-level computations (downstream from the confluence of monocular signals) or whether both mechanisms are situated at the monocular level of visual processing. Specifically, density-modulated and/or contrast-modulated stimuli were presented monocularly (i.e., to the same eye) or dichoptically (i.e., to opposite eyes). Out-of-phase modulations of density were much easier to detect when presented dichoptically. A dichoptic advantage was also found for out-of-phase density and contrast modulations. These dichoptic advantages imply conscious access to a mechanism at the monocular level of processing. When density modulations were presented dichoptically, 180° out of phase, detection thresholds were highest. Consequently, a mechanism with binocular input must also contribute to the detection of these modulations. We describe a minimal, image-based model for these results that contains one monocular computation and one binocular computation.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":23670,"journal":{"name":"Vision Research","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":1.5000,"publicationDate":"2023-12-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001712/pdfft?md5=6c047cb46e1bf27dd66e8b51808a9552&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001712-main.pdf","citationCount":"0","resultStr":"{\"title\":\"Monocular and binocular mechanisms detect modulations of dot density and dot contrast\",\"authors\":\"Kristina Zeljic, Michael J. Morgan, Joshua A. Solomon\",\"doi\":\"10.1016/j.visres.2023.108347\",\"DOIUrl\":null,\"url\":null,\"abstract\":\"<div><p>Strong reciprocity has been demonstrated between (1) spatial modulations of dot density and modulations of dot luminance, and (2) modulations of dot density and modulations of dot contrast, in textures. The latter are much easier to detect when presented in phase with one another than when presented 180° out of phase, although out-of-phase modulations can also be detected given sufficient amplitude. This result supports the existence of two detection mechanisms: one that is excited by both density modulations and contrast modulations (quiescent when those modulations are presented 180° out of phase) and another that is relatively insensitive to either density modulations or contrast modulations (thus remaining stimulated regardless of phase angle). We investigate whether the mechanism responsible for detecting out-of-phase modulations depends on high-level computations (downstream from the confluence of monocular signals) or whether both mechanisms are situated at the monocular level of visual processing. Specifically, density-modulated and/or contrast-modulated stimuli were presented monocularly (i.e., to the same eye) or dichoptically (i.e., to opposite eyes). Out-of-phase modulations of density were much easier to detect when presented dichoptically. A dichoptic advantage was also found for out-of-phase density and contrast modulations. These dichoptic advantages imply conscious access to a mechanism at the monocular level of processing. When density modulations were presented dichoptically, 180° out of phase, detection thresholds were highest. Consequently, a mechanism with binocular input must also contribute to the detection of these modulations. We describe a minimal, image-based model for these results that contains one monocular computation and one binocular computation.</p></div>\",\"PeriodicalId\":23670,\"journal\":{\"name\":\"Vision Research\",\"volume\":null,\"pages\":null},\"PeriodicalIF\":1.5000,\"publicationDate\":\"2023-12-25\",\"publicationTypes\":\"Journal Article\",\"fieldsOfStudy\":null,\"isOpenAccess\":false,\"openAccessPdf\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001712/pdfft?md5=6c047cb46e1bf27dd66e8b51808a9552&pid=1-s2.0-S0042698923001712-main.pdf\",\"citationCount\":\"0\",\"resultStr\":null,\"platform\":\"Semanticscholar\",\"paperid\":null,\"PeriodicalName\":\"Vision Research\",\"FirstCategoryId\":\"102\",\"ListUrlMain\":\"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001712\",\"RegionNum\":4,\"RegionCategory\":\"心理学\",\"ArticlePicture\":[],\"TitleCN\":null,\"AbstractTextCN\":null,\"PMCID\":null,\"EPubDate\":\"\",\"PubModel\":\"\",\"JCR\":\"Q4\",\"JCRName\":\"NEUROSCIENCES\",\"Score\":null,\"Total\":0}","platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":null,"PeriodicalName":"Vision Research","FirstCategoryId":"102","ListUrlMain":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0042698923001712","RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"心理学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":null,"EPubDate":"","PubModel":"","JCR":"Q4","JCRName":"NEUROSCIENCES","Score":null,"Total":0}
Monocular and binocular mechanisms detect modulations of dot density and dot contrast
Strong reciprocity has been demonstrated between (1) spatial modulations of dot density and modulations of dot luminance, and (2) modulations of dot density and modulations of dot contrast, in textures. The latter are much easier to detect when presented in phase with one another than when presented 180° out of phase, although out-of-phase modulations can also be detected given sufficient amplitude. This result supports the existence of two detection mechanisms: one that is excited by both density modulations and contrast modulations (quiescent when those modulations are presented 180° out of phase) and another that is relatively insensitive to either density modulations or contrast modulations (thus remaining stimulated regardless of phase angle). We investigate whether the mechanism responsible for detecting out-of-phase modulations depends on high-level computations (downstream from the confluence of monocular signals) or whether both mechanisms are situated at the monocular level of visual processing. Specifically, density-modulated and/or contrast-modulated stimuli were presented monocularly (i.e., to the same eye) or dichoptically (i.e., to opposite eyes). Out-of-phase modulations of density were much easier to detect when presented dichoptically. A dichoptic advantage was also found for out-of-phase density and contrast modulations. These dichoptic advantages imply conscious access to a mechanism at the monocular level of processing. When density modulations were presented dichoptically, 180° out of phase, detection thresholds were highest. Consequently, a mechanism with binocular input must also contribute to the detection of these modulations. We describe a minimal, image-based model for these results that contains one monocular computation and one binocular computation.
期刊介绍:
Vision Research is a journal devoted to the functional aspects of human, vertebrate and invertebrate vision and publishes experimental and observational studies, reviews, and theoretical and computational analyses. Vision Research also publishes clinical studies relevant to normal visual function and basic research relevant to visual dysfunction or its clinical investigation. Functional aspects of vision is interpreted broadly, ranging from molecular and cellular function to perception and behavior. Detailed descriptions are encouraged but enough introductory background should be included for non-specialists. Theoretical and computational papers should give a sense of order to the facts or point to new verifiable observations. Papers dealing with questions in the history of vision science should stress the development of ideas in the field.