美国，启动：二战研发与美国创新体系的腾飞

IF 10.5 1区经济学 Q1 ECONOMICS

American Economic Review Pub Date : 2023-12-01 DOI:10.1257/aer.20221365

D. Gross, B. Sampat

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引用次数: 8

摘要

二战期间，美国政府科学研究与发展办公室（OSRD）支持了美国历史上规模最大的应用研发公共投资。我们使用 OSRD 资助的所有发明的数据表明，这种冲击对美国创新体系产生了形成性影响，催化了全国各地的技术集群，高科技创业和就业也随之增加。这些影响至少持续到 20 世纪 70 年代，似乎是由集聚力和内生增长驱动的。除了创造技术集群之外，战时研发还永久性地改变了美国整体创新的轨迹，使其朝着 OSRD 资助的技术方向发展。(JEL H56, N42, N72, O31, O33, O38, R11)

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America, Jump-Started: World War II R&D and the Takeoff of the US Innovation System

During World War II, the US government’s Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD) supported one of the largest public investments in applied R&D in US history. Using data on all OSRD-funded invention, we show this shock had a formative impact on the US innovation system, catalyzing technology clusters across the country, with accompanying increases in high-tech entrepreneur-ship and employment. These effects persist until at least the 1970s and appear to be driven by agglomerative forces and endogenous growth. In addition to creating technology clusters, wartime R&D permanently changed the trajectory of overall US innovation in the direction of OSRD-funded technologies. (JEL H56, N42, N72, O31, O33, O38, R11)

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来源期刊

American Economic Review ECONOMICS-

CiteScore

18.60

自引率

2.80%

发文量

122

期刊介绍： The American Economic Review (AER) stands as a prestigious general-interest economics journal. Founded in 1911, it holds the distinction of being one of the nation's oldest and most esteemed scholarly journals in economics. With a commitment to academic excellence, the AER releases 12 issues annually, featuring articles that span a wide spectrum of economic topics.