个人叙事作为意向--存在主义的见证

Anatolii A. Furman
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引用次数: 0

摘要

文章强调了一个人从其人生道路的反思和评价表现的角度解释其自身经历的理论和方法论原则。在心理学中,叙事是一个人关于一系列相互关联的冒险事件的完整故事,他本人是这些冒险事件的参与者或见证者。一个人的人生轨迹是一系列事件--身体变化的形式、健康和精神状态、舒适-不舒适的感觉(善或恶的表象)、各种活动领域的情况--先决条件,这些都被具体化,并获得了情感色彩,以及对世界体系的主观评价。叙事是在解释人格化的印象、经验、观点和对某一事件、事实、承诺、承诺的原因和后果的判断的背景下理解的。在心理学中,叙事是从诠释学的角度来研究的--诠释的艺术、理解和解释(解释)客户故事-叙事的科学活动(理论和方法)。诠释学从哲学和人道主义角度出发,对人的精神和心理原则所概括的基本目的的意图(总体规划、设计、理念)进行理解和进一步诠释。作为意识单位的 "意义 "概念,是为了表明词源学中 "已知 "的基本内容--一个人对现实(世界)组织的原则和规律性的直接理解,并解决一个人的意识和生活中个人(意义)与社会(意义和意义)之间的关系问题。个人叙事是对生活主体所经历的情境、事实和事件的描述,他认为这些情境、事实和事件是有意义的,并对其进行主观解释,影响着经验结构的形成,而经验结构反过来又决定着一个人在世界中实现的时空。心理学家认识、理解和进一步解释客户故事叙述的基本内容,有助于在反思的层面上突出个人生活中的真正问题,并找到解决这些问题的视角和前景,通过脱敏来摆脱通常的破坏性行为模式,这些行为模式是对个人日常生活环境的消极看法的反应。因此,在心理学家的工作中,理解和反思是最基本的,因为它们可以让人感同身受地进入求助者的内心世界,产生共鸣,利用身体的感性,并在未来公正客观地转达需要心理帮助的人的想法、印象、价值观和要求,这将有助于协调自我与社会空间之间的沟通,并伴随着思维和情感-感性领域的深入发展。叙事是一个人向世界展示自我的意向性存在空间,是一个人生活的经验范围和战略路线的体现,也是一种内在光辉的建模形式,是个人在重要的日常情境中学习轨迹的体现。故事叙述中的内容是人自身的一个整体(基本)属性,从作为反思性方法论工具的循环-行动方法的角度来解释是最合适的。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Personal narratives as intention-existential testimonies
The article highlights the theoretical and methodological principles of a person’s interpretation of his own experience from the standpoint of reflective and evaluative manifestations of his life path. In psychology, a narrative appears as a completed story of a person about a series of interconnected adventures-episodes, in which he himself was a participant or a witness. A person’s life path is a set of events – changes in the forms of physical changes, his health and mental states, a feeling of comfort-discomfort (the appearance of good or evil), situations-givens in various spheres of activity, which are concretized and acquire an emotional color, subjectively evaluated understanding of the world system. Narrative is understood in the context of interpretation of personified impressions, experiences, views and judgments about the causes and consequences of a certain event, fact, committed, committed. In psychology, the narrative is studied from the standpoint of hermeneutics – the art of interpretation, scientific activity (theory and method) of understanding and interpreting (explaining) the stories-narratives of the client. Hermeneutics holds in philosophical and humanitarian searches the understanding horizons of understanding and further interpretation of the intention (overarching plan, design, idea) of the essential purpose of a person, which is outlined by the spiritual and mental principle. The concept of meaning as a unit of consciousness serves to indicate the essential content of the etymological «with-known» – the direct understanding by a person of the principles and regularities of the organization of reality (the world), and to solve the problem of the relationship between the individual (meaning) and the social (meaning and meaning) in the consciousness and life of a person .A personal narrative is a description of the situations, facts, and events experienced by the subject of his life, which are perceived by him as meaningful, subjectively interpreted and influence the formation of experiential structures, which, in turn, determine the time-space of a person’s realization in the world. Recognizing, understanding and further interpretation of the essential contents of the client’s stories-narratives by the psychologist serves to highlight at the level of reflections the real problems of the person’s life and to find perspectives-horizons of their solution, to get rid through desensitization of the usual destructive patterns of actions-deeds as reactions to a negative vision of the circumstances of one’s everyday life. Therefore, in the work of a psychologist, understanding and reflection are fundamental, as they allow empathically to join the inner world of the client, to empathize, to use his bodily sensuality, and in the future to fairly objectively relay the ideas, impressions, values, requests of the person who needs psychological help, which will serve to harmonize its communication between one’s own self and the social space and will be accompanied by intensive development of the thinking and emotional-sensual spheres. The narrative appears as an intentional-existential space of a person’s self-presentation to the world, a manifestation of the experiential scope and strategic line of his life, as well as a form of modeling the inner light as a manifestation of the individual trajectory of learning in significant everyday situations. What is stated in the story-narrative is an integral (essential) property of the person himself, which is most expedient to interpret from the standpoint of a cyclical-action approach as a tool of reflexive methodology.
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