Comparative Evaluation of Antifungal Property of Acrylic Resin Reinforced with Magnesium Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles and their Effect on Cytotoxic Levels: An In vitro Study

About 65% of people who wear dentures suffer from denture stomatitis, a prevalent pathologic illness that is commonly linked to Candida albicans. The necessity for the creation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials with intrinsic activity is brought on by increasing resistance of microbes. The study’s objectives were to examine and compare the antifungal properties of acrylic resin by adding silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) and magnesium oxide nanoparticles (MgONPs), as well as to determine its cellular toxicity at various nanoparticle concentrations on mouse fibroblasts. A total of 84 samples were created, including 12 control samples, 36 samples of PMMA resin reinforced with AgNPs, and 36 samples of PMMA resin reinforced with MgONPs. Disk diffusion technique was used to assess the antifungal effectiveness of the samples. By using the MTT test, the cytotoxicity of various nanoparticle concentrations was evaluated. Analysis of variance test and unpaired t-test were used to analyze the data, and then Tukey’s post hoc test was performed. The mean values for AgNPs and MgONPs at 2%, 4%, and 6% after 24 h were 13.71 ± 2.07, 18.58 ± 1.62, and 27.96 ± 1.76 and 11.63 ± 1.35, 14.38 ± 1.63, and 18.25 ± 1.39, respectively. In contrast to the MgONPs group, samples with AgNPs showed greater antifungal efficacy against C. albicans. On mouse fibroblasts, MgONP concentrations showed more cytotoxicity, but AgNP concentrations showed less cytotoxicity. By adding AgNPs and MgONPs to acrylic resins, which are highly efficient against C. albicans, denture stomatitis can be treated.