师范大学职业指导活动在申请者职业自决中的作用

S. V. Tarasov, E. B. Spasskaya
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In this study, the problem of the effectiveness of the forms and formats of vocational guidance activities of pedagogical universities is considered from the point of view of the methodology of environmental and cultural approaches, which determine the presence of links between socio-cultural and educational space as an influencing factor in the personality formation and development in a social system changing under the impact of external objective factors.The current empirical study was based on a mixed design. In order to verify and triangulate the results obtained in the study, the authors carried out an expert assessment of the representation of various forms of career guidance implemented by pedagogical universities, and investigated the perception of the effectiveness of career guidance activities by first-year students. 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引用次数: 0

摘要

导言。随着社会文化和技术变革的加剧,现代学童对职业价值的认识也在不断变化,这促使他们不断反思职业指导实践,并对自己的职业发展轨迹做出明智的选择。本研究旨在分析师范大学开展职业指导活动的形式和方式;确定在提高对教师职业的动机和兴趣方面最有效的形式和方式;评估申请者对选择教师职业的认识水平。本研究从环境和文化方法论的角度考虑师范大学职业指导活动的形式和方法的有效性问题。环境和文化方法论认为,在外部客观因素影响下不断变化的社会系统中,社会文化和教育空间之间的联系是人格形成和发展的影响因素。为了对研究结果进行验证和三角测量,作者对师范大学实施的各种形式的就业指导的代表性进行了专家评估,并调查了一年级学生对就业指导活动有效性的看法。受访者样本由 1628 名一年级学生组成,他们的年龄在 16 至 44 岁之间,分别就读于全日制和非全日制学士学位课程 44.00.00 教育和师范科学(基于专业分组)。要求受访者评估在大学入学前阶段参加职业指导活动的频率和职业指导活动对专业选择的影响程度,并回答确定影响专业选择因素的问题。通过频率分析、比较分析和多变量分析,使用中位数检验、皮尔逊卡方检验标准和因素分析对实证数据进行了处理。确定了师范大学开展职业指导活动的主要形式。对活动内容的分析表明,师范大学与地区教育系统合作实施了各种就业指导做法,旨在吸引最训练有素、最有专业方向的申请者进入地区师范教育领域。职业指导活动有三种类型:在职业指导演示框架内,申请人被赋予最被动的角色;在职业前教学培训框架内,申请人有机会展现自我;而申请人最大的主观能动性则体现在意味着其参与教学活动的活动中。学生参与职业指导活动的程度越高,对积极的职业指导方法对职业选择的影响的评价就越高,选择教师职业的动机也就越明显。本文对职业指导活动进行了研究,采用了混合设计,对所得结果进行了验证和三角测量,从而从经验上证实了职业指导活动的类型,并确定了职业指导活动对申请者职业自我决定的影响性质。研究成果可用于提高师范大学就业指导工作的质量。研究材料可用于制定地区发展计划、师范大学和教育组织的发展计划。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The role of career guidance activities of a pedagogical university in the professional self-determination of applicants
Introduction. The intensification of socio-cultural and technological transformations contributes to the constant rethinking of career guidance practices in the context of a changing perception of the values of professions by modern schoolchildren and to the formation of an informed choice about the trajectory of their professional development.Aim. The present research aims to analyse the forms and formats of career guidance activities implemented by pedagogical universities; to determine the most effective forms and formats in terms of increasing motivation and interest in the teaching profession; and to assess the level of awareness of the choice of a teacher profession among applicants.Methodology and research methods. In this study, the problem of the effectiveness of the forms and formats of vocational guidance activities of pedagogical universities is considered from the point of view of the methodology of environmental and cultural approaches, which determine the presence of links between socio-cultural and educational space as an influencing factor in the personality formation and development in a social system changing under the impact of external objective factors.The current empirical study was based on a mixed design. In order to verify and triangulate the results obtained in the study, the authors carried out an expert assessment of the representation of various forms of career guidance implemented by pedagogical universities, and investigated the perception of the effectiveness of career guidance activities by first-year students. The sample of the respondents was made up of 1,628 first-year students aged from 16 to 44 years, who enrolled in full-time and part-time bachelor’s degree programmes 44.00.00 Education and Pedagogical Sciences (based on the intergraded group of specialties). The respondents were asked to assess the frequency of participation and the degree of influence of career guidance activities on the choice of profession at the stage preceding admission to university, as well as to answer questions that determine factors affecting professional choice.Empirical data were processed by means of frequency, comparative and multivariate analysis, using median test, Pearson’s chi-square criterion, factor analysis.Results. The main formats of career guidance activities implemented by pedagogical universities were identified. The analysis of the content of the events shows that pedagogical universities implement various career guidance practices in cooperation with regional education systems aimed at attracting the most trained and professionally oriented applicants to the field of pedagogical education in the region.It was revealed that the students, who entered the pedagogical university, most often participated in traditional career guidance activities, while the formats of career guidance involving active methods of working with applicants are represented in their experience to the least extent.Three types of career guidance activities were identified: the most passive role is assigned to applicants within the framework of career guidance presentation; the opportunity to express oneself appears within the framework of pre-professional pedagogical training; and the greatest subjectivity of the applicant is actualised by activities implying his/her involvement in pedagogical activity.Students, who are characterised by a high level of involvement in career guidance activities, give a higher evaluation for the influence of active career guidance methods on the choice of profession and have a more pronounced motivation for choosing teaching profession.Scientific novelty. In this paper, career guidance activities have been studied through the use of a mixed design, verification and triangulation of the results obtained that allowed to empirically substantiate their typology and determine the nature of their impact on the professional self-determination of applicants.Practical significance. The research results can be used to improve the quality of career guidance work of pedagogical universities. The research materials can be employed in the development of regional development programmes, development programmes of pedagogical universities and educational organisations.
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