Metabolomics as a diagnostic tool for periodontal diseases- An overview

Periodontal disease results in gingivitis and periodontitis, is the most prevalent chronic inflammatory condition affecting the teeth and its supporting tissues. High prevalence of periodontal disease has an adverse effect on systemic health, mastication, and esthetics. There are many local and systemic factors that contribute to clinical manifestations of periodontal disease. The diagnosis is still based on conventional clinical examinations despite the high prevalence and greater understanding of the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. The term ‘metabolome’ was first coined by Steven Oliver and colleagues in the late 1990s which are active participants in metabolic reactions that are essential for normal physiological functions. GCF and saliva have been used for metabolomics based periodontal diagnosis: Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy are the two main methods used to collect data on metabolomics. In a way that genomics, transcriptomics, and proteomics could not fully utilize, metabolomics offers a special chance to affect discovery-driven science. The field of salivary research is one that is emerging, and it is hoped that the analysis of numerous protein metabolites will enlighten the mechanisms of periodontal disease development and focus attention on the functional relationships between metabolites whose expression varies over time in relation to diseases, medications, or other protein metabolites.