生物经济的监管:爱尔兰的创新障碍、动力和潜力

Anne Pender , Luke Kelleher , Eoin O'Neill
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引用次数: 0

摘要

生物经济一般被理解为利用来源可持续的可再生生物资源来生产食品、能源及其他产品和服务的经济。人们对生物经济的潜力寄予厚望,希望它能支持经济转型,摆脱以化石燃料为基础的经济,并帮助解决气候变化和生物多样性枯竭等复杂问题。然而,鉴于生物经济的跨部门性质和对创新的关键关注,在生物经济目标和对生物经济活动进行监管的必要性之间可能会出现紧张关系。特别是,人们认识到监管需要(a) 支持可持续性和资源效率,(b) 管理相互竞争的利益,(c) 提供一致性和创新支持。为了确定监管如何成为爱尔兰生物经济的障碍和/或推动力,我们对一系列主要利益相关组织进行了访谈。分析表明了四个主要障碍,涉及对财政支持工具(如上网电价)的需求、更灵活的废料使用监管方法、缩小监管与创新活动之间的差距以及解决规划问题。所确定的两个驱动因素强调了监管在支持和促进生物经济发展方面的积极作用,特别是在使用更灵活和创新的方法方面。相关的挑战包括需要支持真正的公众参与,以及提供资源支持政策制定者设计和实施有效的生物经济监管框架。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Regulation of the bioeconomy: Barriers, drivers and potential for innovation in the case of Ireland

The bioeconomy is generally understood as an economy in which sustainably-sourced renewable bio-based resources are used for the production of food, energy and other products and services. Expectations are high for its potential to support the transition away from a fossil fuel-based economy and help to address complex issues such as climate change and biodiversity depletion. However, given its cross-sectoral nature and key focus on innovation, tensions can emerge between bioeconomy goals and the need for regulation of bioeconomy activities. In particular, there is a recognition of the need for regulation to (a) support sustainability and resource efficiency, (b) manage competing interests and (c) provide coherence and innovation support. To identify how regulation may be acting as a barrier and / or driver of the bioeconomy in Ireland, interviews were conducted with a range of key stakeholder organisations. Analysis revealed four key barriers, relating to the need for financial support tools such as feedin tariffs, more flexible approaches to regulating the use of waste materials, closing the gap between regulation and innovation activity and addressing planning issues. The two drivers identified highlight a positive role for regulation in supporting and enabling bioeconomy development, especially in terms of using more flexible and innovative approaches. Associated challenges include the need to support genuine public participation and the provision of resources to support policy-makers in the design and implementation of an effective bioeconomy regulatory framework.

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