作为心理学家人文特质的无条件个人自我接纳

Olha Shayuk, Mariia Pidgurska, Yaroslav Shayuk
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引用次数: 0

摘要

在大学环境中成为未来的心理学家是一个复杂而多方面的过程。这个过程包括专业技能的形成,以及未来心理学家内心世界的心理充实。心理学家的个人发展和职业发展在自我发展的过程中是相互联系、相互结合的。发现自我实现的视野要求心理学家具备一些人文素质,如对自己和他人的积极态度、同理心、一致的自我表达和自信。无条件的真正自我接纳是培养高效心理学家的基础。毋庸置疑的自我接纳反映了内心对自己的认可和尊重,将自己视为一个能够独立做出选择的个体,并意识到自己的感受、想法、意图和动机。这包括将自己作为一个整体来接纳,以及对自己的善意要求态度。而有条件的自我接纳则意味着对自己的不信任和批判态度,这可能会侵犯个人的完整性,否定自己的自我概念。未来心理学家的有条件自我接纳结构由三个相互关联的部分组成:无法有意识地感知和理解自己的情绪和感觉状态;无法克服阻碍接纳自己的经验和情绪的保护机制;拒绝真正的内在欲望和动机,这会导致个人的破坏性。无条件自我接纳的功能结构至少包含四个相互依存的组成部分:对自身情绪、身体状态和感觉的觉察;对自己作为一个个体的积极态度,以确保完整性和自我发展;对他人的同情及其心理支持;对世界的存在开放性以及自我实现的倾向。对于未来的心理学家来说,无条件的自我接纳是形成专业自我意识的基础,也是利用自身人格的心理存在资源为客户提供合格帮助的能力。有学者认为,自我接纳会影响人文素质的发展,如无条件接纳他人、人际关系中的同理心、内在开放的沟通能力、与他人建立和保持联系的能力,以及容忍、对话和寻求妥协的能力。上述特点是心理学家的基本资质特征--素质,它们有效地决定了心理学家在与客户互动时的专业成就。文章中提出的未来心理学家无条件自我接纳的发展模式,反映了自我接纳结构各组成部分方向的不断渐进变化(从有条件到无条件),同时也揭示了个体发展富有成效的无条件自我接纳的心理条件和机制。为了实现和落实后者,提出了心理培训作为发展未来心理学家人格的无条件心理-存在主义自我接纳的一种不可或缺的手段。结果证实了这一假设,即无条件的自我接纳积极地促进了未来心理学家的人文主义人格特征的发展,如无条件地接纳他人、移情、宽容、一致、开放。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Unconditional personal self-acceptance as a humanistic trait of a psychologist
Becoming a future psychologist in a university environment is a complex and multifaceted process. This process includes the formation of professional skills, as well as the psychological enrichment of the inner world of the future psychologist. Personal and professional development of a psychologist are interconnected and combined in the process of self-development. The discovery of self-actualization horizons requires a psychologist to have a number of humanistic qualities, such as a positive attitude toward oneself and others, empathy, congruent self-expression, and confidence. Unconditional true self-acceptance is the basis of the training of an effective psychologist. Undoubted self-acceptance reflects internal recognition and respect for oneself as an individual capable of independent choices and awareness of one’s feelings, thoughts, intentions, and motives. This includes accepting yourself as a whole and benevolent-demanding attitude towards yourself. Conditional self-acceptance, on the other hand, implies a mistrustful and critical attitude towards oneself, which can violate the integrity of the individual, negate one’s own self-concept. The structure of conditional self-acceptance of future psychologists consists of three interrelated components: the inability to consciously perceive and understand one’s own emotional and sensory states, the inability to overcome protective mechanisms that prevent the acceptance of one’s own experiences and emotions, and the rejection of real inner desires and motives, which can lead to personal destructiveness. The functional structure of unconditional self-acceptance contains at least four interdependent components: awareness of one’s own emotions, body states and feelings, a positive attitude towards oneself as an individual that ensures integrity and self-development, empathy for others and their psychological support, existential openness to the world and a tendency to self-actualization. For future psychologists, unconditional self-acceptance is the basis for the formation of professional self-awareness and the ability to provide qualified assistance to clients with the psycho-existential resources of one’s own personality. It is argued that self-acceptance affects the development of such humanistic qualities as unconditional acceptance of others, empathy in relationships, the ability to be internally open to communication, the ability to establish and maintain contacts with others, as well as the ability to tolerate, dialogue, and find a compromise. The listed characteristics are the basic qualification traits-qualities of a psychologist, which effectively determine his professional success in interaction with clients. The model of the development of unconditional self-acceptance of future psychologists proposed in the article reflects a constant progressive change in the orientation of the components of the structure of self-acceptance (from conditional to unconditional), and also reveals the psychological conditions and mechanisms for the development of productive unconditional self-acceptance of an individual. To actualize and implement the latter, psychological training is presented as an integral means of developing unconditional psycho-existential self-acceptance of the personality of future psychologists.As a result, the hypothesis was confirmed that unconditional self-acceptance positively causes the development of such humanistic personality traits of future psychologists as unconditional acceptance of others, empathy, tolerance, congruence, openness.
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