Wavefronts Dislocations of Friedel Oscillations in Graphene: Trigonal Warping Effect

The electron waves of a host system exhibit an oscillating response to an external impurity, namely Friedel oscillations, extensively studied in two‐dimensional materials. Recently, wavefront dislocations, a new feature of Friedel oscillations, have been revealed in graphene. However, previous analytical works have been limited to the linear dispersion of graphene. In this study, the fate of wavefront dislocations is investigated numerically in Friedel oscillations beyond the linear regime. The wavefront dislocations are robust against the trigonal warping effect, crucial for high doping graphene, due to the invariant winding number of the tight‐binding energy band. Furthermore, the opening of the gap, increasing the electronic Fermi wavelength, can highlight the wavefront dislocations blurred by intravalley scattering induced short‐range oscillations. These results should be observable using current experimental technology. Therefore, this study not only demonstrates the robust existence of wavefront dislocations in Friedel oscillations over a wide range of energies but also deepens the understanding of intervalley scattering in graphene and other two‐dimensional valleytronic materials.This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.