Quantifying maize phenology using beneficial microorganisms and residue management under deep tillage system

Residues differing in quality and incorporation depths are presumed to contribute differently to the improvement of soil properties through decomposition. Understanding the response of residue decomposition at different depths using tillage implements and effective microorganisms can help to develop strategies for improving soil properties. Therefore, three nitrogen (N) supplemented crop residues: wheat (Rw), chickpea (Rc), Rw + Rc, and no residue (R0) as a control, under three different tillage implements: cultivator (CT), mouldboard plough (MBP)