Diagnostic and prognostic importance of biomarkers in the atopic dermatitis endotypes and phenotypes and in the effectiveness assessing of therapy

AD is a highly heterogeneous disease that requires an individualized approach to treatment. Recent studies have characterized a variety of biomarkers that reflect diverse pathophysiological aspects of AD and have provided encouraging evidence of the potential of these biomarkers as tools for personalized diagnosis, severity assessment, and monitoring of treatment efficacy. This review is devoted to the analysis of modern studies of AD biomarkers, their clinical significance and possible prospects not only in determining the endotype of the disease, but also in the development of new therapeutic strategies. The introduction of accessible and simple methods for determining biomarkers into clinical practice is a perspective task of modern allergology and dermatology. Summarizing current data will allow us to identify priority issues for future research that will help to implement the concept of personalized AD therapy, reduce the burden of the disease and improve the quality of life of patients.