Restorative effects and mechanisms of neural stem cell transplantation on ischemic brain injury based on the Wnt signaling pathway.

Objective: To explore the restorative effects and mechanisms of neural stem cell (NSC) transplantation on ischemic brain injury based on the Wnt signaling pathway.

Methods: Out of 102 male KM mice, 15 were randomly selected as the control group without any intervention, while the remaining 87 underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) using the Zea-Longa suture method. Seven mice that did not successfully model MCAO were excluded, leaving 80 mice that successfully underwent MCAO, randomized into two groups: the Ischemic Brain Injury group (n = 40) receiving 10 μL of sterile PBS solution injected into the lateral ventricle, and the Ischemic Brain Injury + NSCs Transplantation group (n = 40) receiving 10 μL of NSCs suspension injected into the lateral ventricle.

Results: Compared to the ischemic brain injury group, mice in the Ischemic Brain Injury + NSCs Transplantation group exhibited significantly alleviated edema in the middle cerebral artery supply area, with neurons displaying more normal morphological characteristics and fewer signs of degeneration and necrosis. The mice with NSC transplantation had significantly smaller infarct volume than those in the ischemic brain injury group (p < 0.05). The mice with NSC transplantation showed significantly lower Zea-Longa scores and a lower proportion of TUNEL-positive cells compared to those in the ischemic brain injury group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: NSC transplantation can significantly inhibit neuronal apoptosis in the ischemic region of mice with ischemic brain injury, alleviate brain tissue edema, reduce infarct volume, and improve neurological function. The mechanism may be related to Wnt signaling pathway activation.