巴尔干地区国家战后经济复苏的经验:金融和结构特点

S. Shults, O. Lutskiv
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引用次数: 0

摘要

西巴尔干战后重建的经验对乌克兰来说是有意义的,特别是就其经济转型的结构特点而言,以及就财政支助手段的多样化而言。为了确定是否有可能赞同乌克兰境内巴尔干地区各国战后重建的经验,对军事行动对这些国家经济造成的主要损失和后果进行了分析。研究的结果揭示了解释“战后恢复”概念含义的方法的本质,证实了其优先事项、标准和实现手段。在分析这些国家战后重建经验的基础上,强调了为加强巴尔干国家与欧盟成员国的经济一体化而实施的一些制度变革,并描述了通过计划和赠款支持工具实现国际援助财政资源多样化的可能性。对波斯尼亚-黑塞哥维那、克罗地亚和塞尔维亚因战争造成的经济损失的分析使人们能够确定构成这些国家经济专业化的传统经济活动类型。本文总结了捐助资金和赠款支持资金使用和分配的主要方向,并分析了这些国家当局和国际机构为实现战后稳定而制定的战略文件。根据对巴尔干国家国内生产总值的部门结构的分析,以及它们在欧洲经济空间中竞争地位的特点,得出了关于这些国家战后经济结构调整的具体动态的结论。巴尔干国家战后经济复苏的经验证明,战后重建的成功是有目的的结构性改革政策和国家为实现确定的重建目标和优先事项而采取的一贯监管措施的结果。因此,在战争的条件下和战争结束后,乌克兰应该考虑到西巴尔干各国的经验,以便加快这一进程并避免错误。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
The experience of post-war economic recovery of the countries of the Balkan region: financial and structural features
The experience of the post-war reconstruction of the Western Balkans is relevant for Ukraine, in particular, both with regard to the structural features of the transformation of their economies, and with regard to the diversification of financial support instruments. In order to determine the possibilities of approving the experience of the post-war reconstruction of the countries of the Balkan region in Ukraine, the main losses and consequences of military actions for the economies of these countries have been characterized. As a result of the conducted research, the essence of approaches to the interpretation of the meaning of the concept of «post-war recovery» was revealed, its priorities, criteria and means of achievement were substantiated. Based on the analysis of the experience of the post-war reconstruction of these countries, a number of institutional changes that were implemented to strengthen the economic integration of the Balkan countries with the EU member states are highlighted, and the possibilities of diversifying the financial resources of international aid through program and grant support tools are characterized. The analysis of the economic losses of Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia caused by the war made it possible to determine the traditional types of economic activity that constitute the economic specialization of these countries. The article summarizes the main directions of the use and distribution of donor funds and grant support funds, as well as analyzes the strategic documents developed by the authorities of these countries and international institutions to achieve post-war stabilization. On the basis of the analysis of the sectoral structure of the GDP of the Balkan countries, the peculiarities of their competitive positions in the European economic space, conclusions are formulated about the specifics of the dynamics of the post-war structural restructuring of the economies of these countries. The experience of the post-war recovery of the economies of the Balkan countries proved that the success of the post-war reconstruction is the result of a purposeful policy of structural reforms and consistent regulatory measures of the state to achieve the defined goals and priorities of the reconstruction. Therefore, in the conditions of the war and after its end, Ukraine should take into account the experience of the countries of the Western Balkans in order to speed up this process and avoid mistakes.
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