以一些外国为例,说明在现代条件下培训神经外科医生的特殊性

A. N. Plutnitsky, Timur R. Makirov, Bulat N. Karimov
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引用次数: 0

摘要

利用不同国家的经验对神经外科医生进行统一培训的可能性似乎是最有希望的。同时,各国的独特性、神经外科专业发展的历史事实、科学技术成就决定了各个神经外科流派的多样性和特殊性。因此,神经外科培训计划没有统一的模式。为了研究国外神经外科医生培训的特点,以便后续开发俄罗斯联邦神经外科专家培训和高级培训的最佳模型,在2015-2022年期间,在Scopus、Web of Science、MedLine、Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Global Health、CyberLeninka、elibrar .ru、RSCI等数据库中检索国外信息,研究美国、英国、德国、意大利的神经外科医生培训的特点。火鸡。所进行的分析表明,神经外科医生的范围和培训计划在许多国家都有自己的特点。因此,神经外科住院医师培训的时间从俄罗斯的2年到意大利、德国的6年和英国的8年不等。在美国,培养神经外科医生的研究生教育包括7年的住院医师。培训项目也有所不同:在意大利,他们主要侧重于掌握实用技能;在德国,在为期6年的培训计划中,学生必须掌握广泛的理论和实践外科技能。在英国,培训分几个阶段进行:在初始阶段,掌握所有外科专业共有的基本外科技能、基本神经外科护理和急诊医学领域的技能和能力。进一步发展与创伤性脑损伤、退行性脊柱疾病、神经肿瘤学和许多其他疾病有关的能力。在英国培训的最后阶段是深度神经外科训练,学生在手术室花费大量时间。在美国,“红线”是能力和技术的跨学科整合。全球神经外科框架内的国际合作被认为是神经外科产业发展的主要载体。利用不同国家的经验统一神经外科医生的培训,建立一个全球神经外科领域知识交流的平台,似乎是修改我国神经外科医生培训计划最有希望和有用的可能性。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in modern conditions using the example of a number of foreign countries
The possibility of unifying the training of neurosurgeons using the experience of different countries seems to be the most promising. At the same time, the uniqueness of the countries, the historical facts of the development of the neurosurgical specialty, scientific and technical achievements in them determined the diversity and specificity of individual neurosurgical schools. As a result, there is no unified model for a neurosurgical training program. In order to study the peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in foreign countries for the subsequent development of optimal models for training and advanced training of neurosurgery specialists in the Russian Federation, a search for foreign information was conducted in the databases Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health, CyberLeninka, eLibrary.ru, RSCI for 2015–2022 to study the peculiarities of training neurosurgeons in the USA, England, Germany, Italy, Turkey. The analysis undertaken showed that the scope and training programs for neurosurgeons have their own characteristics in a number of countries. Thus, the duration of residency training in neurosurgery varies from 2 years in Russia to 6 years in Italy, Germany and 8 years in the UK. In the USA, postgraduate education for training a neurosurgeon includes 7 years of residency. Training programs also differ: in Italy they focus on primarily mastering practical skills; in Germany, during a 6-year training program, the student must master a wide range of theoretical and practical surgical skills. In the UK, training takes place in several stages: at the initial stage, mastering basic surgical skills common to all surgical specialties, skills and competencies in the field of basic neurosurgical care and emergency medicine. Competencies are further developed in relation to traumatic brain injury, degenerative spinal diseases, neuro-oncology and many other conditions. The final stage of training in the UK is in-depth neurosurgical training with the student spending a large amount of time in the operating room. In the USA, the “red thread” is the interdisciplinary integration of competencies and technologies. International cooperation within the framework of global neurosurgery is considered as the main vector for the development of the neurosurgical industry. The possibility of unifying the training of neurosurgeons using the experience of different countries and creating a global platform for the exchange of knowledge in the field of neurosurgery seem to be the most promising and useful in revising the training programs for neurosurgeons in our country.
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