美索不达米亚南部灌溉景观建模:小规模过程如何促进大规模社会发展

IF 3.2 1区 历史学 Q1 ANTHROPOLOGY
Dengxiao Lang, Maurits W. Ertsen
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引用次数: 0

摘要

早期的美索不达米亚南部显示了与城市发展和地貌变化相关的(灌溉)农业扩张的复杂历史。作为研究不断扩大的灌溉农业系统的第一步,我们开发了一个与灌溉相关的基于代理的模型,以探索与决策过程相关的农场(土地)和灌溉系统,包括农场及其农田(一个农业单位)的决策过程,以及灌溉系统管理的集体决策过程--特别是农场之间的水共享。决策过程包括移动农场、扩大系统或启动新系统的选择,因为这些也是美索不达米亚农民可以选择的。在本文中,我们将报告模型参数如何促进产生各种产量模式以及农场和系统的扩张。此外,我们还采用基尼系数(基于产量)来估算农民之间的不平等程度。我们的研究结果表明:(1) 人的决策决定了农场以及整个灌溉系统的影响和收益水平;(2) 基尼系数有效地反映了基于水供应情况的农场间产量不平等程度;(3) 我们的模型是进一步研究的合适基础,通过在灌溉系统中加入更多代理并扩大灌溉景观的时空尺度,可以更全面地了解美索不达米亚南部灌溉系统的演变动态。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。

Modelling Southern Mesopotamia Irrigated Landscapes: How Small-scale Processes Could Contribute to Large-Scale Societal Development

Modelling Southern Mesopotamia Irrigated Landscapes: How Small-scale Processes Could Contribute to Large-Scale Societal Development

Early Southern Mesopotamia shows a complex history of expansion of (irrigated) farming in relation to urban developments and changing landscapes. As a first step to study expanding irrigated farming system, an irrigation-related agent-based model was developed to explore farm(land)s and irrigation systems in relation to decision-making processes, both of farms and their farmlands (an agriculture unit) and collective decision-making processes for irrigation system management—especially sharing water between farms. The decision-making processes include options to move farms, expand the system, or start a new system, as these would be options available for Mesopotamian farmers as well. In this text, we report how model parameters contribute to the generation of various patterns of yields and expansion of farms and system. Additionally, the Gini coefficient (based on yields) is applied to estimate levels of inequality among farmers. Our results show how (1) human decision-making determines the level of influence of and benefits for farms, as well as the overall irrigation system; (2) Gini values effectively capture the degree of inequality in yields among farms based on water availability; and (3) our model is a suitable base for further study, by incorporating additional agents into the irrigation system and expanding the spatial–temporal scales of the irrigated landscapes, to reach a more comprehensive understanding of the evolutionary dynamics of irrigation systems in Southern Mesopotamia.

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来源期刊
CiteScore
6.30
自引率
8.70%
发文量
43
期刊介绍: The Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, the leading journal in its field,  presents original articles that address method- or theory-focused issues of current archaeological interest and represent significant explorations on the cutting edge of the discipline.   The journal also welcomes topical syntheses that critically assess and integrate research on a specific subject in archaeological method or theory, as well as examinations of the history of archaeology.    Written by experts, the articles benefit an international audience of archaeologists, students of archaeology, and practitioners of closely related disciplines.  Specific topics covered in recent issues include:  the use of nitche construction theory in archaeology,  new developments in the use of soil chemistry in archaeological interpretation, and a model for the prehistoric development of clothing.  The Journal''s distinguished Editorial Board includes archaeologists with worldwide archaeological knowledge (the Americas, Asia and the Pacific, Europe, and Africa), and expertise in a wide range of methodological and theoretical issues.  Rated ''A'' in the European Reference Index for the Humanities (ERIH) Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory is rated ''A'' in the ERIH, a new reference index that aims to help evenly access the scientific quality of Humanities research output. For more information visit: http://www.esf.org/research-areas/humanities/activities/research-infrastructures.html Rated ''A'' in the Australian Research Council Humanities and Creative Arts Journal List.  For more information, visit: http://www.arc.gov.au/era/journal_list_dev.htm
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